Recently, low rank coal (LRC) has attracted tremendous attention due to its abundance and the lack of high-rank coal in world coal reserves. Although the fuel cost of LRC is cheap and it accounted for more than half of the total world coal reserves, t...
Recently, low rank coal (LRC) has attracted tremendous attention due to its abundance and the lack of high-rank coal in world coal reserves. Although the fuel cost of LRC is cheap and it accounted for more than half of the total world coal reserves, there are still challenges in using LRC as a fuel in current power plants because of its disadvantages, such as low calorific value, costly transportation, spontaneous combustion, and operational difficulties. In particular, one of the most serious problems of LRC is the high probability of spontaneous combustion, resulting in devastating explosions and serious fires because it has a lot of active hydrophilic functional groups on its surface and in its pores. Thus, LRC should be upgraded or burned in alternative ways. This research explores the production of low-moisture, high-rank coal by using a lab-scale circulating fluidized bed dryer (CFBD) and a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed dryer (BFBD) to dry LRC. Drying efficiency was calculated through the experiment containing different fluidization regime such as BFB and CFB. BFB type compared to the CFB type shows better contact between the gas and solid, as the flow regime is different in a fluidized bed because the BFB is a dense phase and the CFB is a dilute phase.
These days, many power plants plan to build a CO2 capture and storage (CCS) process because regulations for greenhouse gas emissions have been increased. Many CCS process have been developed such as an absorption process with dry re-generable sorbent in the fluidized-bed system, a solvent scrubbing CO2 capture system and type of membrane CO2 capture system. Among the various CCS technologies, one of the advanced concepts for capturing CO2 is an absorption process with dry re-generable sorbents. This process discharges CO2/steam mixed gas around 150 oC of temperature after regeneration reactor. Therefore, we are to develop the FBD using the outlet gas from the CCS process as heat source for LRC drying. Also, if stored CO2 is used for direct drying gas, it has some advantages. The ignition of LRCs during the drying process can be basically prevented since the property of CO2 is inert gas. However, since the properties of coal pores are hydrophilic, the dried coal is still possible re-adsorption moisture at the atmosphere.
Therefore, we investigated a top-spray fluidized-bed reactor to produce hybrid coals that have improved fuel characteristics in terms of heating value, moisture re-adsorption, and combustion patterns. A systematic study reveals that experimental parameters, such as a bed temperature, bioliquid spraying procedure and pre-carbonization temperature strongly influence the characteristics of the resulting hybrid coal, meaning that they have an important role in upgrading LRC. In particular, the hybrid coal prepared by a process of simultaneous drying and bioliquid spraying followed by pre-carbonization showed high contents of fixed carbon, an improved heating value, lower moisture adsorption, and single combustion patterns in which the characteristics were dramatically upgraded for practical use as a fuel in power plants. In addition, the simultaneous process using a fluidized-bed reactor has great potential because it can achieve process simplification, reduce manufacturing costs, and handle coal particles easily.