This thesis investigates the strategic deployment and consequences of repression-related reporting by state media in authoritarian regimes, using Russia between 2011 and 2016 as a primary case study. While traditional theories suggest that autocrats p...
This thesis investigates the strategic deployment and consequences of repression-related reporting by state media in authoritarian regimes, using Russia between 2011 and 2016 as a primary case study. While traditional theories suggest that autocrats prefer to keep repression "invisible" to avoid backlash, this research explores the paradox of "self-reporting," where regimes actively publicise their coercive actions to intimidate opponents or legitimise state power.
Drawing on an original dataset of over 10,000 articles from the state-run news agency RIA Novosti and a parallel set from the independent outlet Novaya Gazeta, the study employs quantitative modelling to test two main sets of hypotheses. First, it examines whether the frequency of repression reports is strategically modulated in response to popular protest activity. Second, it assesses whether such reports successfully dampen subsequent protest participation or, conversely, trigger mobilising indignation.
The findings indicate that routine protest activity does not systematically influence state media reporting patterns, leading to the rejection of the first hypothesis. However, reporting is significantly modulated during extraordinary political events: repression-related coverage surged during the high-stakes 2011–2012 Bolotnaya protest wave, while threats of repression were notably reduced during election periods.
Most significantly, the results challenge existing literature—particularly studies focused on China—by finding that state reports on repression are associated with increased, rather than decreased, subsequent protest participation. This positive correlation is even more pronounced for reports involving severe forms of repression or explicit threats, suggesting that such messaging may provoke moral outrage and a "backlash effect" in the Russian context.
The study concludes that the effectiveness of repression-related propaganda is highly context-dependent. In regimes with some degree of media pluralism, such as Russia during the study period, attempting to use state media for intimidation may backfire by signalling state weakness or reinforcing grievances, rather than instilling the intended fear. These findings offer new insights into the "punishment puzzle" and the complex role of information manipulation in modern "informational" autocracies.