The purposes of this study is to find the differences between the Gender-Role Identity(GRI) types in students with mild Mental Retardation(MR) and those in non-retarded students, the differences between the Self-Esteems(SE) in students with mild MR an...
The purposes of this study is to find the differences between the Gender-Role Identity(GRI) types in students with mild Mental Retardation(MR) and those in non-retarded students, the differences between the Self-Esteems(SE) in students with mild MR and those in non-retarded students, and the relationships between GRI types and SE in students with mild MR and/or in non-retarded students. To achieve these purposes, following hypotheses were set up: 1) There be significant differences between the GRI types in students with mild MR and those in normal students, 2) There be significant differences between the SE in students with mild MR and those in normal students, 3) There be significant differences of SE scores among GRI types in students with mild MR and/or in normal students.
127 students with mild MR(male 70, female 57) and 100 non-retarded students(male 48, female 52) were sampled in Dae-Jeon and Choong-Cheong District. For these students, Gender-Role Identity Inventory (Song, 2004) and Self-Esteem Inventory(Yang, 2003) were administered and data were collected through mail. Four GRI types in the mild MR group(bi-gender 31.5%, masculine 13.4%, feminine 21.3%, and undifferenciated 33.9%) and four GRI types in the non-retarded group(bi-gender 27.0%, masculine 22.0%, feminine18.0%, and undifferenciated 33.0%)were classified through median-split method from data of GRI Inventory. For these collected data, the Analysis of Frequencies, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe's test were used to test hypotheses through SPSS/WIN 10.0.
The results of this study were found out as follow. First, there were no significant differences between the GRI types in students with mild MR and those in non-retarded(χ2=3.11, p>.05). Second, there was no significant differences between overall SE scores of the mild MR and those of the non-retarded. However, in social SE and in academic SE among SE subcategories, there were significant differences(social SE: F=7.03, p<.01; academic SE: F=21.03, p<.001). Students with mild MR have significantly lower social SE and significantly higher academic SE than those in non-retarded students. From these results, it is discussed that students with mild MR would have lower social-interpersonal skills, and have exaggerated their academic SE as a means for compensating for their low academic achievement. Third, there were significant relationships between GRI types and SE in students with mild MR and/or non-retarded students. In students with mild MR, the SE scores among GRI types were found to be significantly different(F=4.57, p<.01) and Scheffe's test showed that bi-gender type have significantly higher scores than feminine or undifferenciated type. In non-retarded students the SE scores among GRI types were found to be significantly different(F=3.11, p<.05) and Scheffe's test showed that bi-gender type have significantly higher scores than undifferenciated type.
In conclusion, students with MR have no significant differences compared with non-retarded in GRI types, in Self Esteem(SE), and in that bi-gender type have significantly higher scores than undifferenciated type. It is discussed that these results will provide an opportunity to alter the stereotyped thinking towards students with MR that their lower intelligence will bring about them to have different psychological adaptations.