People grasp visual characteristics and meanings of visual arts through visual perception. Thus, this study attempts to apply Semiotique du visible based on the perception of light to visual arts. In particular, this study will analyze the differentia...
People grasp visual characteristics and meanings of visual arts through visual perception. Thus, this study attempts to apply Semiotique du visible based on the perception of light to visual arts. In particular, this study will analyze the differentiation and signification of visual elements through visual perception to apply them to Lee Joong-Seop’s “Bull” Series, on which there have not been in-depth analysis and understanding until now. <Bull> Series does not have any great difference in its symbolic meaning, and yet, it has differences through the intensity of colors and contrast of brush strokes in individual works. Since these are properties that can only be captured by visual perception only, a tool is required to analyze the works in a way different from the past methods. In this sense, this study attempts to understand subtle characteristics and meanings of <Bull> Series through the characteristics and methods of Semiotique du visible.
In Korean modern and contemporary art history, Lee Jung-Seop is one of most important Korean artist. In this point, numerous reviews, whilst papers and articles have been written till now. Although the discussion about him as a genius artist who lived a tragic life has been repeated uncritically, it is necessary to analyze his art work more objectively. This study attempts to analyze <Bull> series, which have not been dealt with in detail, though they occupy an important place in the world of his work. I chose the series because <Bull> series have their own distinctive features unlike children’s paintings or paintings on silver paper about which active discussions are in progress although Lee Jung-Seop has drawn specific materials repetitively. In addition, while other pieces draw a happy ideal world, <Bull> series reveal more intense expressions and the artist’s emotions. In that sense, the analyzing <Bull> series where a bull or bulls appear alone, this study will analyze its intrinsic structure by focusing more on the works themselves while putting aside its historical and social background or private historical background. For this purpose, it will introduce Semiotique du visible’ a new visual semiotic methodology that has appeared in the Paris School of Semiotics since the mid-1990s.
Semiotique du visible is a method established by Semiologist, J. Fontanille, who introduced concepts of passions and phenomenological perception, based on J.-M. Floch’s Semiotique plastique method, which is the center of the former Paris School of Visual Semiotics. The concept of passions was based on Semiotique des passions(1992), written jointly with Mentor A. J. Greimas, and here, he focused on the fact that the subject’s proper body(le corps propre) is perception and sensation of passions. And he developed Semiotique du visible, which could apply this to a visual image. Noticing the visibility is established by ‘light(lumiere),’ J. Fontanille differentiated the configuration of the light and it attempted to understand the meaning effects of this configuration(la configuration de la lumiere) and the course(parcours) that they form with dynamics light segment configuration analyzing in visual images. He thought that he could find a meaning not simply through the perception of the light but through the effects of the light and the course using this Semiotique du visible. And based on this concept, J. Fontanille analyzes two works of a Lithuanian composer and painter, M. K. Ciurlionis.
This proposal applied the concept and methodology of Semiotique du visible interested in the perception of these visual art works to Lee Jung-Seop’s <Bull> series. For this, nine works were selected as the subjects of analysis, which were divided into three series by the form of configuration. Then, each work was analyzed by the method of Semiotics of light, and passions were corresponded through the tensive value of the light they form. First, <White Bull> series, which is mostly in a configuration in which a bull is standing on the canvas, according to the concentration, circulation and diffusion of the light and the intensity and extent of immobility, nostalgia, happiness and weariness can be found. Second, “Bull” series in which only the upper half of a bull appears, each has a different course depending on whether the course of the light moves in combination in the background and shape. However, viewed from the highly intent in tension the configuration of the light form, the happiness that comes from the fullness of the object pursued can be found in all the works. In the third series, two bulls are fighting in the canvas, where nostalgia, happiness and weariness can be found according to the configuration of the light as in <White Bull> series.
Through this analysis, unlike former impressionistic criticism, the emotions the enunciator expresses could be known more on the basis of the works themselves. In addition, the subtle differences among the <Bull> series consisting of several works could be examined more thoroughly. Accordingly, this study attempted to extend the meaning of the emotions found through the works’ intrinsic analysis by connecting to Lee Jung-Seop’s biography. In this point of view, nostalgia comes from a lack that he could not fulfil his desire to draw loving family and a masterpiece and the emptiness he has experienced while he always failed though he made efforts with hope in various circumstances forms passions of weariness. And yet, unlike these negative emotions, happiness that comes from full presence, too, reveals itself. This may be hope for a happy future to come and courage gained through this. In this regard, Lee Jung-Seop’s <Bull> series are silent self-expressions of the artist who has ignored the reality so far. Also, all the images of the bull that express various different emotions represent him. In this sense, <Bull> series occupy a differentiated and important position in the world of his art work.