분뇨순환 돈사의 악취특성 및 제거에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Odor Characteristics and Reductionof Livestock Wastes Cycle

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Analysis results on the odor emission characteristics and causing factors at livestock Wastes circulation system pig houses are as follows;
1. The concentration of complex odors in pig house C applied livestock Wastes circulation system was relatively lower than A, B general pig houses and concentration of Hydrogen sulfide, designated odor, was similar at each pig house which are 0.23 ppm for A, 0.20 ppm for B and 0.19 ppm for pig house C. Hydrogen sulfide was identified as a major contributor to odor at all pig houses in a contribution level test. Concentration of the ammonia at pig house A was 18.0 ppm and it was much higher than pig house B and C which use environmental enhancers 12.9 ppm and 8.5 ppm respectively.

2.The concentration of organic acid as designated odor compounds was surveyed as follows: 0.14 ~ 0.29 ppm for propionic acid, 0.08 ~ 0.18 ppm for butyric acid, 0.02 ~ 0.03 ppm for n-valeric acid and 0.01 ~ 0.04 ppm for I-valeric acid. The concentration of all compounds was much higher in pig house A than pig houses B and C because pig house A did not use environmental enhancers and the organic acid concentration of pig house C was the lowest.
There was no significant difference of sulfur compounds between the pig houses caused by usage of environmental enhancers because the concentration of sulfur compounds were identified lower than 0.01 ppm. Organic acid, as well as hydrogen sulfide, was evaluated as a major odor-causing substance, so it must be significantly considered to reduce the odor in the pig house.

3. The concentration of water pollutants was analyzed and the average concentration of pig house A was higher than pig houses B and C. The concentration of s-BOD directly causing the odor at pig house ranged from 228 to 6,510 ㎎/L and was remarkably lower than the concentration of livestock Wastes after six months, which is 12,876 ㎎/L, with changes of pig livestock Wastes components after aeration and stirring (with liquid and solid separation). It confirmed that usage of environmental enhancers could lead to lower odor production and the activated states of microorganism in livestock Wastes could be a major factor in reducing odor production.

4. Measurement results of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide by automatic measuring equipment showed that the emission of above compounds is dependent on the amount of ventilation. The concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide was higher at night than during the day and was concluded that the amount of ventilation is increased during the day than at night so that odor substances were emitted outside.
It is concluded that ammonia and hydrogen sulfide at the pig house could be controlled by the amount of ventilation and method and emissions of the two substances are proportional to each other.
The temperature and humidity of all three pig houses were surveyed and complied with the feeding and management criteria. The correlation between external and internal temperature and humidity at the pig houses was relatively low because choosing the optimal method of ventilation could buffer the temperature and humidity.

5. The evaluation of odor emission shows that the concentration of most parameter in pig house C was lower than pig house B because they fed additives containing microorganisms to pigs and sprayed it to the slurry pits and livestock Wastes treatment facility while pig house B only used environmental enhancers.
The livestock Wastes circulation system in pig houses doesn't produce extra solids so it effectively reduces the odor-causing sources by not making solid-liquid separations and composting facility. Because of improvements on the environment, extra profits will be generated such as decreasing of overcrowded farming, mortality intensity, operation and maintenance costs.
This study shows that the effectiveness of treatment at livestock Wastes circulation systems and the usage of microorganisms and the results could be used to develop methods for reducing odors in the pig house and that there is a need to study the specific methods to reduce odors in the pig house.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• List of Tables ⅳ
• List of Figures ⅶ
• Abstract ⅹ
• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1.1 연구배경 1
• 1.2 연구내용 3
• Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 4
• 2.1 악취의 특성 4
• 2.1.1 최소감지 값 8
• 2.1.2 악취 강도 8
• 2.1.3 희석 배수 8
• 2.1.4 취기 지수 9
• 2.1.5 악취물질의 특성 9
• 2.2 악취 측정 13
• 2.3 악취 유해성 15
• 2.4 악취 감지 메커니즘 18
• 2.5 악취 제거 22
• 2.5.1 악취저감의 필요성 22
• 2.5.2 혐기상태에서 발생하는 악취물질 22
• 2.5.3 생물학적 탈취방법 23
• 2.6 축산시설의 환경개선제 26
• 2.6.1 악취저감 첨가제 27
• 2.6.2 악취저감 첨가제의 사용 방법 36
• 2.7 미생물의 악취제어 38
• 2.7.1 악취물질 분해 메커니즘 38
• 2.7.2 우점화 제제 39
• 2.7.3 미생물의 분해기작 40
• 2.7.4 돈사의 환경개선제 사용실태 44
• 2.7.5 미생물 제제 46
• Ⅲ. 측정·분석 및 조사지점 49
• 3.1 측정· 분석 49
• 3.1.1 측정항목의 범위 49
• 3.1.2 측정 · 분석 방법 51
• 3.2 조사지점 선정 64
• 3.2.1 분뇨순환 C 돈사 64
• 3.2.2 돈사구조 및 환기 69
• 3.2.3 운영조건 71
• 3.2.4 분뇨처리방식 및 분뇨발생량 추정 73
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 고찰 75
• 4.1 복합악취 75
• 4.1.1 돈사별 복합악취 76
• 4.1.2 일반 돈사와 비교 78
• 4.2 지정악취물질 측정결과 80
• 4.2.1 Ammonia 80
• 4.2.2 Hydrogen sulfide 81
• 4.2.3 황 화합물 83
• 4.2.4 유기산 84
• 4.3 악취물질 발생경향 86
• 4.3.1 Ammonia 86
• 4.3.2 Hydrogen sulfide 88
• 4.4 환경개선제 90
• 4.4.1 주요 미생물 90
• 4.4.2 주요 미생물의 개체 수 91
• 4.5 분뇨수질 측정결과 93
• 4.5.1 일반현황 93
• 4.5.2 수질 분석결과 95
• 4.6 돈사별 온 · 습도 평가 105
• 4.6.1 돈사의 온도관리 106
• 4.6.2 돈사의 습도관리 108
• 4.6.3 돈사의 온 · 습도 측정결과 110
• 4.7 악취물질 측정결과의 해석 118
• 4.7.1 돈사의 주요 악취원인물질 118
• 4.7.2 수질의 악취농도 영향인자 122
• 4.7.3 돈사 온 · 습도와 악취농도의 영향인자 124
• 4.8 분뇨순환 돈사의 악취저감 131
• 4.8.1 slurry pit 131
• 4.8.2 온도 134
• 4.8.3 악취물질 134
• 4.8.4 분뇨순환 돈사 135
• 4.8.5 분뇨처리시설의 체류시간 135
• 4.8.6 분뇨처리의 기작 136
• 4.8.7 분뇨처리시설의 순환량 추정 137
• 4.8.8 분뇨순환 돈사의 사육환경 평가 138
• 4.9 폭기에 의한 유용미생물 증가 및 유해미생물 억제 141
• 4.10 미생물제제 급이 양돈의 성장단계별 돈분 퇴비화 특성 145
• Ⅴ. 결 론 147
• References 149