신의성실의 원칙에 관한 기능주의적 해석 : 국제물품매매계약에 관한 유엔협약 제7조 신의 요건을 중심으로

김탁필 조선대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내박사

Every culture introduces the notion of good faith into the legislation dealing with one form or another of it. The functional importance of good faith in the national level is also reflected in CISG. CISG Article 7 adopted good faith doctrine which serves literally as an interpretative principle to the Convention. However, the compromise of different legal families and methodologies made the interpretation of its provisions uncertain and Article 7(1) particularly controversial thereby causing homeward interpretation and inconsistent case law among courts, tribunals and scholars. One of the contested issue is whether the principle of good faith may be applied directly to the rights and obligations of contracting parties. In this respect, the value of the comparative law method especially for Article 7 cannot be overestimated although it needs great caution because the solution for good faith issue in CISG must be acceptable in different legal systems with different legal traditions. Therefore this dissertation focuses on the functional equivalents of good faith embedded in CISG as a whole and try to approach functionally to the meaning and role of its own good faith based on the conclusion drawn by the comparative analysis on civil law and common law concept of good faith with some thoughts on the most fertile agents in the development of Roman contract law, 'bona fides'. The principle of good faith rooted in ancient Roman legal tradition and Greek philosophy is considered in most modern civil law systems, a general principle of contract and a central feature of the civil law traditions. Furthermore, some civil law systems has come to consider the notion of good faith as one of the most important legal principle of private law in general as well as contract law. Indeed, most civil codes prescribe the notion of good faith including the well-known German Civil Code Section 242 in which the concept has been regarded as an overriding legal principle as referenced in a vast body of cases and doctrines. The legal concept of good faith originated from Roman civil procedure where the trier of facts, so called iudex, were directed by a standard bona fides clause "quidquid...dare facere oportet ex fide bona" in the Praetor's formula. This standard bona fides clause was known as the exceptio doli and the purpose of the clause was to prevent the plaintiff from taking advantage of rigorous nature of actio stricti iuris. The instruction of the formula in iudicia bonae fidei directed the iudex to ascertain whether the plaintiff had done something in bad faith and the iudex had to determine based on equitable nature of bona fides. Therefore the meaning and role of good faith in Roman law was judicial and remedial one allowing the judge to decide the case in equitable and reasonable manner. In this respect, the functional nature of good faith derived from judicial principle of interpretation which deals with rights and obligations of the contracting parties. The functional nature of good faith is embedded in CISG Article 7 as well. The uniform law project of UNIDROIT for international sale of goods started in 1926. The resolution to develop a uniform international sales law was passed in 1978 and it resulted in CISG or 1980 Vienna Convention, the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, that took effect in 1988. The purpose of the Convention as stated in the Preamble is to "contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade" through "the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods" and taking into account the different social, economic and legal systems. Indeed, the Convention has provided unified framework of statute law to meet the legal needs of international trade or sales transactions and also provided a good mechanism for the courts and arbitration tribunals around the world to resolute trade disputes in an equitable manner. Today the Convention came to be considered and referred to as the most successful international treaty. However, the substantive contents of the Convention could only be adopted by compromise among different legal families, particularly between civil law countries and common law countries. The compromise has been necessary in the process of legislation to obtain widespread acceptance from participants with heterogenous legal culture and it made the Convention a great success while predecessors of it had been unsuccessful, ie the Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods and the Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. On the other hand, these compromises made one of the weakness of the Convention. Especially the compromise of different legal families and methodologies made the interpretation of its provisions in general and Article 7(1) particularly controversial thereby causing homeward interpretation and inconsistent case law among courts, tribunals and scholars. Further, Article 7 adopted autonomous principle of interpretation to warrant its international character and to meet the need to promote uniformity in its application. Accordingly and paradoxically, the compromising legislative character together with the autonomous principle of interpretation has been causing serious legal uncertainty in the interpretation of good faith of Article 7. Article 7(1) states that "in the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade." Article 7 good faith serves as an interpretive principle but in the normative respect the role and meaning of good faith is by no means clearly deduced. Various issues arise in connection with the requirement to observe good faith in international trade when interpreting the Convention, such as whether the notion of good faith is different from the traditional civil law concept of good faith which has been received directly from the concept of bona fides under ancient Roman law, whether good faith obligations extends to the legal relationships of the contracting parties or whether it applies only to the interpretation of the Convention, what is the meaning of the standard of good faith, whether the contested issue falls on the legal gap of the Convention and if that is the case how to fill the gap of the Convention. The problem of the interpretation of good faith within the Convention varies. The competing national approaches to good faith aggravates the variety because the difference exist between legal families or legal systems and even within the same legal family and single legal system. Particularly civil law and common law scholars had different opinions in the drafting stage of the Convention with regard to the legal implications of good faith. Of course the civil law scholars were of the opinion that the good faith is universally and traditionally recognized legal concept in contract law as well as in private law. So there seemed little harm in including the principle of good faith in the draft Convention. Further, many national codes contained good faith provisions dealing with one form or another of it which played an important role in the development of rules regulating commercial activity. Rather, it was considered that the extension of this provision into an instrument regulating an aspect of international trade was so valuable that deletion would open the Commission to the criticism that it opposed such principle when it was well recognized in public international law as well as in international trade regime. On the other hand, the common law scholars were of the opinion that the concept of good faith is simply a matter of moral exhortation and inherently embedded in all legal instruments therefore antithetical to the spirit of legal certainty in commercial contract law. There was no need for them to include the ambiguous concept of good faith in the Convention. However, legal uncertainties of the Convention centering on Article 7 good faith are contrary to the purpose of the Convention as stated in the Preamble to remove the legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade. Further, legal uncertainty in connection with the role and meaning of good faith aggravates legal barriers and hinders uniformity in its application as a whole because the good faith provision belongs to general provisions of the Convention which has significant influence and importance in interpreting the Convention. In this vein, it cannot be overstated that there is a significant scepticism in connection with the normative effect of the Convention as a governing law for contracting parties in international trade at least in interpretation and application of good faith in Article 7. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on the functional equivalents of good faith embedded in CISG as a whole and try to approach functionally to the meaning and role of its own good faith based on the conclusion drawn by the comparative analysis on civil law and common law concept of good faith with some thoughts on the most fertile agents in the development of Roman contract law, 'bona fides'. Finally, functional interpretation of good faith in CISG will point out that indirect application of the notion of good faith in the form of implied terms to the contract relations may be harmonized with strict perspectives on Article 7 and try to deduce an autonomous and internal solution for the meaning and role of the Convention's own good faith, reasonableness.

조선대학교 UI를 적용한 도자제 홍보물 개발 연구

이유선 조선대학교 일반대학원 2010 국내석사

Universities are in cutthroat competition in the 21st century as the world is more internationalized and it becomes information society. They should compete with universities not only in the country but in the whole world. On the other hand, besides they accomplished their essential role such as education and researches, universities has more responsibility for their region and country as a organizations which affect enormous influence to economy and culture. Therefore, it is very important that we should perceive the universities as a brand and approach with a marketing strategy so that they increase their competitive power. University`s brand image derives many important decisions from students, parents, community and industry when they evaluate universities, choose the school and invest in research fund. And it causes university`s successful existence and achievement. The study of this paper is to enhance an effective image-making for university's public relations. The results of this paper are as follows. It is proved that the university making UI is more superior than not using UI in the data for investigation. The research methods adopted in this study are as follows: First, a general review on the importance of the UI and ceramic arts promotional materials was made by researching into literature and an analysis into the correlation between the UI and promotional materials was conducted. In addition, domestic and overseas promotional materials made with the UI applied were comparatively analyzed and necessary design development factors were explored before going to the next phase of designing. Second, as an empirical study a questionnaire survey was administered in order to find out how people respond to some questions including the necessity of ceramic arts promotional materials and the UI. 200 Chosun University students were given the questionnaire to see what they think about ceramic arts promotional materials and to get their ideas on them. In order to find out if there are any differences according to their majors, students from natural sciences, social sciences and arts-athletic majors were chosen. 200 survey questionnaires was distributed from April 26, 2010 to April 30, 2010 and 192 students submitted their responses. 8 responses whose answers are not sufficient enough. So, 184 responses were used for the analysis. The SPSS 10.0 was made use of for statistical analyses. Finally, based on the results of the analyses above and theoretical backgrounds, ceramic arts promotional materials for Chosun University with the UI applied are manufactured for a presentation at the end of the study.

빨간 배추의 생리활성 및 쿠키와 떡갈비로의 적용

박은미 조선대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내박사

본 연구는 배추와 빨간 양배추의 종간교잡을 이용하여 anthocyanin 및 항산화 물질이 풍부한 배추의 육종인 빨간 배추의 생리활성과 기능성 식품의 식재료로서 이용 가능성에 대한 연구의 일환으로 실시하였다. 빨간 배추 분말의 이화학적 성분을 알아보았고, 빨간 배추 분말을 쿠키에 첨가하여 최적의 배합비를 확립하고 관능검사와 항산화 활성을 살펴보았다. 또한 떡갈비의 재료 중 육류의 일부를 빨간 배추 분말로 대체하여 건강 지향적이면서 저장성 증진 효능을 가진 전라남도의 향토 음식의 대표라 할 수 있는 떡갈비의 개발 가능성을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 빨간 배추의 이화학적 성분을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 총 유리당 함량은 23,221.71 mg/100 g으로 유리당 중 fructose 함량이 가장 높았으며, glucose, sucrose, galactose, mannose, maltose, xylose, ribose, rhamnose 순이었다. 구성아미노산은 필수 아미노산 8종과 비필수 아미노산 9종으로 총 17종이 검출되었고, 그중 glutamic acid 함량이 가장 높았다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid 등이며, 불포화지방산이 55.81%, 포화지방산이 44.19%로 불포화지방산의 함량이 높았다. 유기산은 총 7종이 검출되었으며 그 중 citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid 순으로 나타났다. 비타민 A와 비타민 C 함량이 각각 0.04 mg/100 g과 561.75 mg/100 g로 비타민 C의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 총 무기질 함량은 6198.87 mg/100 g으로 무기성분 중 K 함량이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 Ca, Na, Mg, Fe 순이었고 Zn, Mn, Cu 등은 미량으로 검출되었다. 빨간 배추 분말 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1000 μL/mL의 농도에서 총 polyphenol 함량은 16.36±0.07 μg TAE/g이고, 총 flavonoid 함량은 31.11±0.41 μg RE/g이며, anthocyanin 함량은 9.46±0.12 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. 또한 DPPH radical 소거능은 15.02±0.41%이며, ABTS radical 소거능은 31.50±0.84%로 나타났다. 빨간 배추 분말의 첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 쿠키의 일반성분은 다음과 같다. 쿠키의 수분 함량은 빨간 배추 분말 첨가량이 증가 할수록 수분 함량은 감소하였다. 조회분과 조단백질 함량은 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 함량이 증가할수록 높아져 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 조지방 및 탄수화물 함량, 열량은 빨간 배추 분말 첨가량에 따른 차이가 없었다. 빨간 배추 분말 쿠키의 총 polyphenol 과 총 flavonoid 함량은 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 함량이 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 쿠키의 anthocyanin 함량은 대조군이 1.33±0.01 mg/100 g이었고, 0.5% 첨가군은 1.35±0.02 mg/100 g, 1% 첨가군은 3.06±0.05 mg/100 g, 3% 첨가군은 4.48±0.03 mg/100 g, 5% 첨가군은 5.67±0.05 mg/100 g으로 첨가 수준에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 쿠키의 DPPH radical 소거능은 빨간 배추 분말 0.5, 1, 3, 5% 첨가량에 따라 10.47±2.34%, 18.07±0.72%, 25.44±1.89%, 43.79±1.67%로 나타나 빨간 배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 DPPH radical 소거능이 유의적으로 증가하였다. ABTS radical 소거능 또한 대조군 22.58±0.93%, 0.5∼5% 첨가군이 27.72±0.93∼88.05±1.10%로 나타나 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 쿠키의 퍼짐성 측정 결과 대조군이 4.06 cm이며, 빨간 배추 분말 0.5, 1, 3, 5% 첨가량에 따라 3.97 cm, 3.87 cm, 3.70 cm, 3.60 cm으로 첨가량이 증가 할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 쿠키 반죽의 ㏗는 분말 첨가량이 0.5∼5%첨가군일 때 6.35∼5.87로 0% 대조군 6.38보다 첨가량이 증가 할수록 ㏗값이 감소하였다. 쿠키 반죽의 밀도는 빨간 배추 분말 5% 첨가군에서 0.97±0.03 g/cm2으로 대조군 0.91±0.01 g/cm2에서 보다 낮은 경향이었다. 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 쿠키의 경도는 대조군에 비해 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하여 5% 첨가군이 가장 부드러운 쿠키라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 쿠키를 굽기 전 반죽에서의 색도는 빨간 배추 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 L값이 62.93에서 29.01로 낮아져 어둡게 나타났으며, 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 대조군에서 3.58을 나타내었고 첨가량이 증가할수록 a값도 유의적으로 증가되었다. 황색도를 나타내는 b값은 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 오븐에 구운 쿠키의 겉 색도 L값은 86.32∼59.33으로 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌고, a값은 -0.57∼10.49로 높아졌으며, b값은 30.32∼13.68로 빨간 배추 분말 첨가량이 증가 할수록 낮게 나타났다. 쿠키의 관능검사를 실시한 결과 쿠키의 색, 향, 맛, 외형, 질감 및 모든 항목에서 분말 첨가량을 달리한 각 첨가군에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 빨간 배추 분말 3%를 첨가한 첨가군이 쿠키의 맛에 대한 선호도, 향미, 질감, 색감, 전체적인 기호도 면에서 전반적으로 높은 점수를 받았다. 따라서 3% 빨간 배추 분말을 첨가하였을 때 건강 기능성 식품으로서 유의미한 효과가 있을 것으로 생각되며, 빨간 배추 분말을 이용한 쿠키 제품 개발 가능성을 알 수 있었다. 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 돈육 떡갈비의 품질특성을 살펴본 결과 음성 대조군 떡갈비(N), ascorbic acid를 첨가한 양성 대조군 떡갈비(A)와 빨간 배추 분말 0.5%, 1.0% 및 2.0%를 첨가한 떡갈비(B1, B2, B3), 총 5종류의 돈육 떡갈비의 일반성분을 비교했을 때 수분 함량은 대조군과 빨간 배추 분말 0.5% 첨가군은 차이가 없었으나 1%, 2%에서는 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 조단백질 함량은 대조군에서 가장 낮은 함량을 보였으나, 빨간 배추 분말의 증가에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조지방과 조회분 함량은 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 수준이 증가 할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 떡갈비의 보수력은 음성 대조군(N)에 비교해 빨간 배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 가열감량은 양성대조군(A)이 가장 높았으며, 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였고 특히 B3군에서 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 물리적 조직감을 측정한 결과 경도는 양성대조군(A)과 0.5% 빨간 배추 분말을 첨가한 떡갈비군(B1)은 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 1%, 2% 첨가군에서는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 탄성은 2% 첨가군에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 응집성에서는 첨가수준에 따라 감소하는 경향이었지만 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 씹힘성은 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 함량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 떡갈비의 가열 전, 후 색도 변화에 있어서는 명도 L값과 황색도 b값은 가열 전, 후 모두 유의적으로 감소하였고, 적색도 a값은 가열 전, 후 모두 유의적으로 증가하였다. 떡갈비의 관능검사를 조사한 결과 1% 빨간 배추 분말을 첨가한 B2군은 다른 처리군에 비하여 조직감, 색도, 다즙성, 향미, 전체적인 기호도에서 유의하게 우수한 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 빨간 배추 분말 첨가한 떡갈비의 저장특성을 살펴본 결과 5℃에 저장하면서 20일간 측정한 pH에서 저장 초기의 pH는 전체적으로 5.96~6.14로 나타났으며, 저장 20일 후에는 4.47~4.71로 나타났다. 즉 전반적으로 모든 군에서 저장기간이 경과되면서 pH가 유의적으로 저하되었다(p<0.05). 지질산패도 측정 결과 모든 처리군의 저장기간에 따라 TBA값이 증가되는 경향이 있었으며(p<0.05), 2% 빨간 배추 분말 첨가 떡갈비군(B3)이 다른 처리군들에 비하여 TBA값이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 제조 당일의 모든 돈육떡갈비 VBN 함량은 10.34~10.93 mg%로 2% 분말 첨가한 B3군이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 VBN 함량이 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였고(p<0.05), 2% 첨가군에서 VBN 증가폭이 가장 적었다. 또한 2% 첨가한 B3군은 다른 처리군에 비하여 저장 10일째부터 VBN 함량이 유의적으로 낮은 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 총미생물의 수는 처리군 별, 저장기간에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 대조군에서 제조 당일 미생물 수가 6.09, 20일 째는 7.60으로 증가하였고, 0.5% 첨가군에서는 6.02에서 7.00으로 증가하였으나 2% 첨가군에서는 5.94에서 6.00으로 거의 미생물 수의 변화가 없었다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 소비가 가장 많은 배추의 신품종인 빨간 배추에 대한 기초적인 연구로 영양성분과 생리활성을 알아보았고, 응용연구로 쿠키와 떡갈비에 분말을 첨가해 봄으로써 최근 알려지기 시작한 빨간 배추를 여러 분야에서 어떻게 활용해야 할지 시도하였다는데 큰 의의가 있다. 이화학적 성분 분석에서는 빨간 배추의 성분을 분석하였다는데 의미가 있고, 항산화 및 생리활성이 있는 빨간 배추 분말을 첨가한 쿠키의 최적 배합비를 만들고, 건강 기능성 식품으로서 빨간 배추 분말을 이용한 쿠키 제품 개발 가능성을 알 수 있었으며, 전라남도 향토 음식으로 떡갈비에 새로운 빨간 배추 식재료를 첨가한 제품 개발 가능성을 연구한 결과 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional components and physiological activity of red Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) and its practical applications as a health beneficial food. In order to examine the quality characteristics and antioxidative effects of cookies added with red Chinese cabbage, its powder was mixed with cookie dough to establish the optimal blending ratio, and then sensory evaluation and antioxidant activity were examined. Furthermore, this study was performed for the possible application of the development of a new Teokgalbi; a representative local food of Jeollanamdo instead of a portion of grind pork as red Chinese cabbage for a new ingredient. It was conducted to investigate major nutrients component and bioactive materials of red Chinese cabbage powder. The proximate compositions of red Chinese cabbage powdwe as a dry matter basis were 4.96% of moisture content, 20.97% of crude protein, 1.89% of crude fat, 0.20% of crude ash and 71.98% of carbohydrate, respectively. The total amount of free sugars was 23,221.71 mg/100 g, among which fructose content was the highest, and glucose, sucrose, galactose, mannose, maltose, xylose, ribose, and rhamnose were in decreasing order. A total of 17 amino acids were observed. Among them, the amount of glutamic acid was the highest. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid as unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acid, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids(55.81%) was higher than that of saturated fatty acids(44.19%). Several organic acid including citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid and formic acid were observed. The contents of vitamin A and C were 0.04 mg% and 561.75 mg%, respectively. The total mineral contents was 6198.87 mg/100 g, the K content was the highest in the mineral and the amount of Ca, Na, Mg and Fe was in decreasing order, and Zn, Mn and Cu were observed as the trace amount. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of red Chinese cabbage powder ethanol extract were found 16.36 μg TAE/g, 31.11 μg RE/g and 9.46 mg/100 g in 1,000 ppm, respectively. In addition, the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extracts from red Chinese cabbage powder dose-dependently increased. In this study, it was also carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of cookies containing red Chinese cabbage powder. Cookies were prepared with different amounts(0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5% to the flour quantity) of red Chinese cabbage powder. The antioxidant activity and components were estimated by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, and the total polyphenol, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents in cookies. To analyze quality characteristics, bulk density, pH of dough, spread factor, color (L, a, b), hardness, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluation were measured. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid and antocyanin and DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity of cookies significantly increased with increasing red Chinese cabbage powder(p<0.05), while the pH of the dough, L and a values of the cookies, spread ratio of cookies, hardness of cookies significantly decreased with increasing red Chinese cabbage powder (p<0.05). The results of sensory evaluation showed that cookies prepared with 3% red Chinese cabbage powder did differ significantly different from those of the other groups in taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. Texture scores for the 3% red Chinese cabbage powder groups ranked significantly higher than those of the other groups. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that red Chinese cabbage powder is a recommended ingredient in order to increase the consumer acceptability and functions of cookies. The quality characteristics of the 3% added red Chinese cabbage powder exhibited significantly similar or higher values as compared to those of the controls, showing the possibility of developments in health-functional cookies. To sum up, the cookies with 3% red Chinese cabbage powder showed the best results in terms of quality and potential antioxidant property. The pork Teokgalbi consisted of five types like no red Chinese cabbage powder added(normal, C), ascorbic acid added(control, A), 0.1% red Chinese cabbage powder added(B1), 1% red Chinese cabbage powder added(B2), and 2% red Chinese cabbage powder added(B3). Five types of Teokgalbi were tested in triplicate and assigned to one of five storage periods 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 days. Addition of red Chinese cabbage powder decreased the moisture contents of the pork Teokgalbi, but the ash and lipid content were significantly increased. Increasing the amount of red Chinese cabbage powder in pork Teokgalbi had a increasing trend of WHC values but cooking loss of pork Teokgalbi decreased. For the textural characteristics, the addition of red Chinese cabbage powder decreased the springiness, chewiness and the cohesiveness values but it did not affect hardness values of pork Teokgalbi. In the sensory evaluation, an addition of 1.0% red Chinese cabbage powder had the best score in color, springiness, flavor, juiciness, and total acceptability values of the pork Teokgalbi among the groups. As storage time increased, the addition of red Chinese cabbage powder decreased pH, whereas it increased the total microbial counts, and the TBA and VBN values of pork Teokgalbi. When the red Chinese cabbage powder was added, total microbial counts, pH. TBA, and VBN values were significantly decreased compared to the control sample(p<0.05). In particular, B3 group was significantly(p<0.05) more effective for delaying lipid peroxidation than the other treatment groups. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the addition of the red Chinese cabbage powder to the pork Teokgalbi has a trend to improve antioxidative and antimicrobial effects during the cold storage period. In this study, the nutritional composition and physiological activity of red Chinese cabbage powder were throughly investigated. Therefore, by applying its nutritional value to cookies and Teokgalbi, the goal of this study is to show that the red Chinese cabbage can be employed in various fields. By analyzing the components of red Chinese cabbage physico-chemically, it was possible to develop an optimum cookie recipe that contains the red Chinese cabbage powder. In addition, by adding the red Chinese cabbage into a Teokgalbi, the typical local food of Jeollanam-do, it could propose a possibility of developing a new style food. In conclusion, it is confident that all the results of this study showed the possibility of developing a new style food by adding red Chinese cabbage, a new food ingredient, to a Teokgalbi, the representative local food of Jeollanam-do.

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한국 성인에서 흡연 및 음주와 비타민 D 수준과의 관련성

이윤경 조선대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내박사

Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level among Korean adults using data from the '6th(2013-2014) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey'. Methods: The data used in this study were analyzed for 3,565 people who were over the age of 19 ages and checked vitamin D level and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods among 15,568 respondents to the '6th(2013-2014) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey'. The subjects were divided into four groups: None group(non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking), smoking only group, alcohol drinking only group and both group (smoking and alcohol drinking). The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, χ2 test and hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis using weighted composite sample analysis. Results: The mean serum vitamin D level of the subjects was 16.5±0.20ng/mL and 73.5% of vitamin D levels were insufficient and deficiency. The results from hierarchical multiple logistic regression showed that the Odds ratio for insufficient vitamin D due to smoking and alcohol drinking were significantly higher in the smoking only group 2.281(95% CI 1.080-4.817)times and both group 1.356(95% CI 1.010-1.922)times than none group. Conclusion: Our results showed the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level was significant in Korean adults. Future studies, such as a more systematic cohort study investigating the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level may be helpful in confirming the causal relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level.

Development of a Resource-Efficient 3D U-Net Architecture for Hippocampus Segmentation using CLAHE and SCE-3DWT

칸 파이잔 파잘 조선대학교 일반대학원 2026 국내석사

Accurate segmentation of the hippocampus from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is a key requirement for detecting, diagnosing, and monitoring neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Deep learning has advanced this field substantially; however, limited-size datasets still hinder model generalization and frequently cause overfitting. The present research develops a resource-efficient and high-accuracy three-dimensional U-Net architecture specifically designed for hippocampal segmentation under constrained data conditions. The proposed pipeline integrates 3D Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) with a Selective Coefficient-Enhanced 3D Wavelet Transform (SCE-3DWT) to enhance local contrast and suppress image noise, thereby improving feature extraction. Experiments were performed using the EADC-ADNI HarP dataset consisting of 135 hippocampal MRI volumes (input size 64 × 64 × 96 voxels). The model achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.8838 and a Jaccard index of 0.7920, outperforming several recent state-of-the-art approaches. Comparative evaluation further demonstrated low segmentation errors, with an Over- Segmentation Ratio (OSR) of 0.0594 and an Under-Segmentation Ratio (USR) of 0.0569, confirming strong robustness and generalization capability. The architecture Faizaan Fazal Khan Advisor: Prof. Goo-Rak Kwon Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering Chosun University Graduate School employs a maximum filter depth of 512 and functions efficiently without transfer learning, ensuring computational accessibility for a wider range of research and clinical settings. Future investigations will incorporate post-processing enhancements, expand dataset diversity, and evaluate higher-resolution volumetric data to further improve segmentation precision and clinical relevance. Overall, this work contributes a practical, resource-conscious framework for hippocampus segmentation and supports continued progress in medical image analysis for improved Alzheimer’s disease assessment and management. 자기공명영상(MRI) 데이터에서 해마를 정확하게 분할하는 것은 신경퇴행성 질환, 특히 알츠하이머병을 탐지, 진단 및 모니터링하는 데 필수적인 요소입니다. 딥러닝은 이 분야를 크게 발전시켰지만, 제한된 크기의 데이터셋은 여전히 모델 일반화를 저해하고 과적합을 자주 유발합니다. 본 연구에서는 제한된 데이터 조건에서 해마 분할을 위해 특별히 설계된 리소스 효율적이고 정확도가 높은 3차원 U-Net 아키텍처를 개발합니다. 제안된 파이프라인은 3D 대비 제한 적응 히스토그램 평활화(CLAHE)와 선택적 계수 향상 3D 웨이블릿 변환(SCE-3DWT)을 통합하여 국소 대비를 향상시키고 이미지 노이즈를 억제함으로써 특징 추출 성능을 개선합니다. 실험은 135개의 해마 MRI 볼륨(입력 크기 64 × 64 × 96 복셀)으로 구성된 EADC- ADNI HarP 데이터셋을 사용하여 수행되었습니다. 이 모델은 다이스 계수 0.8838과 자카드 지수 0.7920을 달성하여 최근 여러 최첨단 접근법보다 우수한 성능을 보였습니다. 비교 평가 결과, 과분할비(OSR) 0.0594와 과소분할비(USR) 0.0569로 낮은 분할 오류를 나타내어 강력한 강건성과 일반화 능력을 확인했습니다. 이 아키텍처는 최대 512의 필터 심도를 사용하며 전이 학습 없이 효율적으로 작동하여 더 광범위한 연구 및 임상 칸 파이잔 파잘 지도교수: 권구락 교수 정보통신공학과 조선대학교 대학원 환경에서 계산적 접근성을 보장합니다. 향후 연구에서는 후처리 개선, 데이터세트 다양성 확대, 고해상도 체적 데이터 평가를 통해 분할 정밀도와 임상적 관련성을 더욱 향상시킬 것입니다. 전반적으로, 이 연구는 해마 분할을 위한 실용적이고 자원 효율적인 프레임워크를 제공하며, 알츠하이머병 평가 및 관리 개선을 위한 의료 영상 분석 분야의 지속적인 발전을 지원합니다.

Research on Lightweighting Deep Learning Models for Object detection

왕흠요 조선대학교 일반대학원 2026 국내석사

객체 탐지를 위한 경량화 딥러닝 모델 연구 왕흠요 지도교수: 김판구 컴퓨터공학과 조선대학교 대학원 조류 탐지는 생태 보전, 항공 안전, 그리고 농업 분야에서 매우 중요한 과제이다. 비록 YOLOv8이 일반 객체 검출에서 유망한 성능을 보이고 있지만, 조류와 같이 규모 변동이 크고 밀도가 높은 장면에서는 C2f 모듈, PAFPN 넥(neck), 그리고 디커 플드 헤드(decoupled head)가 최적의 성능을 발휘하지 못한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하 기 위해 본 연구에서는 세 가지 혁신을 포함한 경량 네트워크인 MAGL-YOLO를 제안한다. 첫째, MAFRBlock은 다중 경로(radial) 합성과 적응적 게이팅(adaptive gating)을 통해 비선형 특징 인코딩을 강화한다. 둘째, GFPNEF는 재파라미터화된 MFIB 블록을 이용한 향상된 피라미드 융합을 통해, 최소한의 계산 오버헤드로 다 중 스케일 의미 정보를 유지한다. 셋째, LSCSBND는 레벨별 배치 정규화(level-wise batch normalization)를 적용한 공유 합성곱 기반 탐지 헤드로, 매개변수 수를 26% 절감한다. 광범위한 실험 결과, Only Bird 및 PASCAL VOC2012 데이터셋에서 MAGL-YOLO는 각각 85.23% mAP50과 60.12% mAP50을 달성하였으며, 이는 YOLOv8 대비 각각 3.26% 및 4.26% 향상된 성능이다. 또한 본 모델은 2.8M 매개변 수와 7.3 GFLOPs만을 유지하여 효율성을 입증하였다.

한국 성인에서 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 심혈관질환 위험요인과의 관련성

최철원 조선대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내박사

본 연구는 제 6기 국민건강영양조사 3차년도(2015년) 원자료를 바탕으로 참여한 만 19세 이상 성인을 대상으로 HDL 콜레스테롤 수준에 따른 수축기혈압, 이완기혈혈압, HOMA-IR, hsCRP와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 총 4,371명(남자 1,879명, 여자 2,492명)을 본 연구의 최종 연구대상으로 정의하였다. HDL 콜레스테롤 수준에 따른 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압, HOMA-IR, hsCRP와의 관계는 분산분석과 다른 혼란변수를 통제한 상태에서 공분산분석을 이용하여 알아보았다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 혈중 HDL 콜레스테롤 수준은 남자에서 <40 mg/dL군은 26.2%, 40-49 mg/dL군은 37.2%, 50-59 mg/dL군은 22.9%, 60-69 mg/dL군은 9.8%, ≥70 mg/dL군은 3.8%이고, 여자에서 <50 mg/dL군은 40.8%, 50-59 mg/dL군은 29.1%, 60-69 mg/dL군은 18.6%, 70-79 mg/dL군은 8.5%, ≥80 mg/dL군은 3.1%이었다. 둘째, HDL 콜레스테롤 수준을 구분하여 관련변수를 보정한 후, 남자에서는 HDL 콜레스테롤이 증가할수록 수축기혈압과 이완기혈압은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였고, hsCRP는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였지만, HOMA-IR은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 여자에서는 HDL 콜레스테롤이 증가할수록 수축기혈압은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였고, HOMA-IR과 hsCRP는 유의한 차이를 보였지만, 이완기혈압은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. HDL 콜레스테롤 수준이 증가할수록 남자에서는 수축기혈압과 이완기혈압이 증가했고, 여자에서는 수축기혈압이 증가했다. 그러나 HOMA-IR과 hsCRP는 HDL 콜레스테롤이 증가할수록 감소하거나 변화 없었다. HDL 콜레스테롤과 심혈관질환 위험요인의 관련성에 대한 연구 및 매우 높은 HDL 콜레스테롤 농도에 대한 연구의 진행이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

결혼이주여성의 특성 및 건강정보이해능력에 따른 건강행태

윤상은 조선대학교 일반대학원 2025 국내박사

Health behaviors according to the characteristics and health literacy among married migrant women in Korea Yoon Sang Eun Advisor : Prof. Han Mi Ah, Ph.D Department of Health Science Graduate School of Chosun University Objective: Due to the increase in multicultural families and married immigrant women due to international marriage, social interest in married migrant women is increasing. This study investigated the health behavior of married migrant women according to general characteristics an health literacy index. Methods: The study population of this study were married migrant women from Vietnam, China, Cambodia, and the Philippines. Data were collected through self-report using a questionnaire translated into the language of each country. The general characteristics and health behaviors of married immigrant women were presented using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between general characteristics, health literacy index, and health behaviors. Result: The health literacy index was insufficient 24.0%, intermediate 43.9%, and excellent 32.1%. The physical activity rate of married immigrant women was 33.1%, the current drinking rate was 47.6%, the high-risk drinking rate was 13.5, the current smoking rate was 5.7%, the influenza vaccination rate within 1 year was 57.1%, the health checkup rate within 2 years was 48.0%, and the cancer screening rate within 2 years was 31.8%. This study found that migration period, language ability, economic activity, and health education have a significant impact on the health behavior of married migrant women. The longer the migration period or the higher the TOPIK, the higher the rate of physical activity, vaccination, and health examination. In addition, health education, experience in economic activities, people who can receive help, and ability to understand health information had a positive effect on health behavior. Conclusion: The health behavior of married immigrant women was influenced by various factors, including characteristics of the study ppulation and health literacy index. Our study results can be used to improve the health behavior of married immigrant women.

Study on AI Algorithms for Predicting Depression by Analyzing Facial Images

최대길 조선대학교 일반대학원 2025 국내석사

우울증은 개인의 일상생활과 전반적인 삶의 질을 심각하게 저해하는 만연한 정신 건강 질환이다. 기존의 진단 방법은 주로 주관적 편향에 취약한 자가 보고 설문지에 의존한다. 최근 얼굴 영상 기반 자동 우울증 분석은 기존 방법보다 향상된 객관성과 확장성을 제공하는 유망한 대안으로 부상했다. 그러나 기존 접근법은 일반적으로 얼굴 동작 단위(AU) 또는 얼굴 이미지 시퀀스에 초점을 맞춰 우울한 표정을 포괄적으로 포착하는 데 한계가 있다. 이는 국소적 또는 전역적 얼굴 정보에만 초점을 맞추기 때문이다. 또한 특정 부위의 얼굴 이미지 시퀀스나 행동 데이터를 독립적으로 분석하거나 단순히 결합하여 실제 얼굴의 3D 움직임을 반영하지 못하고 보완적인 패턴 학습에 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위해 새로운 시공간적 스펙트럼 특징 융합 네트워크(STSFF-Net)를 제안한다. STSFF-Net은 AU 시계열 데이터를 스펙트럼 특징으로 변환하는 1D-ResNet, 시공간적 얼굴 표현을 추출하는 합성곱 블록 주의 모듈 (CBAM)로 강화된 3D-ResNet, 그리고 국소적 특징과 전역적 특징을 효과적으로 결합하는 후기 융합 메커니즘을 통합한다. STSFF-Net 모델은 임상적으로 진단받은 187명의 참가자의 비디오 녹화본으로 구성된 조선대학교 병원 우울증 위험 비디오 (CSUH-DR-Video) 데이터 세트를 대상으로 검증하였다. 제안된 모델은 평균절대오차 (MAE) 3.18, 평균 제곱근 오차(RMSE) 4.78로 기존 방법보다 우수한 성능을 보였으며, 이는 실제 우울증 선별 검사에 대한 효과성과 잠재력을 뒷받침한다. 또한, 이전 연구의 한계를 극복하기 위해 3D 얼굴 랜드마크에서 생성된 depth map과 AU, gaze, head pose 의 행동 시계열 특징을 통합하여 우울증 점수를 예측하는 CNN-TCN 융합 모델을 제안한다. 3D-CNN 모델은 depth map을 통해 3차원 얼굴 움직임 패턴을 포착하고, TCN 모델은 다양한 행동 특징 데이터에서 시간 패턴을 포착한다. 그런 다음 attention 융합 모듈은 동적 가중치를 학습하고 결합한다. 제안된 모델은 DAIC-WOZ 데이터 세트에서 MAE 4.57과 RMSE 6.24를, CSUH-DR-Video 데이터 세트에서 MAE 2.93과 RMSE 4.80 을 달성하여 다양한 환경에서 강력한 일반화 능력을 검증하였다. 이러한 결과는 입체 공간 정보와 행동 시계열 정보를 융합함으로써 우울증 점수 예측의 정확성과 안정성을 동시에 향상할 수 있음을 보여준다.