Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with weight loss. However, overweight and obesity prevalence is increasing among children with CD. The clinical significance of elevated body mass index (BMI) in this ...
Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with weight loss. However, overweight and obesity prevalence is increasing among children with CD. The clinical significance of elevated body mass index (BMI) in this population remains unclear. This study assessed overweight and obesity prevalence in Korean pediatric patients with CD and evaluate BMI’s impact on disease course and outcomes.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 575 pediatric patients diagnosed with CD at a single tertiary hospital between January 2015 and May 2024. BMI percentiles were assessed before diagnosis, at diagnosis, and at 1- and 3-year follow-ups, and clinical outcomes compared across BMI categories. Perianal disease outcomes were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: At diagnosis, 80 (14.0%) patients were underweight, 379 (66.3%) normal, 83 (14.5%) overweight, and 30 (5.2%) obese. Patients were stratified by pre-diagnostic BMI percentile. Higher BMI groups were associated with younger age at diagnosis and a higher proportion of males. Overweight/obesity showed higher albumin and lower CRP, fecal calprotectin, PCDAI, SES-CD, and growth delay, and exclusive enteral nutrition use was less frequent. Multivariable analysis identified three independent predictors of perianal disease at 1 year: BMI transition from underweight/normal to overweight/obesity category, greater ΔBMI percentile, and baseline perianal disease.
Conclusions: Excessive BMI increase, particularly transition to overweight or obesity during treatment, was independently associated with perianal disease in pediatric CD. Careful monitoring of BMI change and preventing overnutrition are warranted in managing pediatric CD.