미국 학교폭력에 대한 무관용정책의 변화와 시사점 = Major Principles and Changes of Zero Tolerance Policy on School Violence in USA

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국에서는 1980년대 이후 학교폭력, 무기사용, 마약복용 등의 문제에 대응하기 위하여 무관용정책(zero tolerance)을 시행하고 있다. 학교폭력이나 비행이 발생한 경우 미리 예정된 정학 또는 퇴학을 엄격하게 적용하여 학교의 안전과 학습 분위기 개선을 도모하고 있다. 실제로 학교폭력비율이 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다른 한편으로 사소한 비행에 대해서도 엄격한 처벌을 함으로써 비행이 더 악화되며, 효용성도 증명되지 않는다는 비판이 제기되었다. 이에 대안으로 무관용정책의 대원칙은 유지하면서도 폭력의 정도에 따라 처벌의 정도를 달리하자는 등급징계제도 또는 조기반응모형이 제시되고 있다.
최근 우리나라에서도 학교폭력이 사회적 이슈로 강하게 부각됨에 따라 정부도 ‘학교폭력근절 종합대책’을 발표하는 등 범부처 차원에서 대응하고 있다. 이 논문은 사소한 괴롭힘도 ‘범죄’라는 인식하에 철저히 대응하는 정부의 방침의 타당성을 탐색하기 위해 현재 미국에서 시행하고 있는 학교폭력에 대한 무관용 정책의 주요 내용과 변화과정을 분석하여 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Coping with the problems of school violence, weapon and drug abuses, ‘zero tolerance policies’ have been adopted in the United States since the 1980’s. Authorities have been securing the safety and learning-friendly environment of the school, imposing predetermined penalties on any case of school violence or disruption. It is reported that the school violence rate drops accordingly. However, the policies are criticized for their rather escalating effect due to severe punishments on minor offenses, evidencing no effectiveness worthwhile. As alternatives, ‘graduated systems of discipline’ meeting minor misbehaviors with less severe consequences or ‘early response model’ are suggested, without abandoning those main rules of zero tolerance policies.
Recently Korean government tries to take charge of school violence, issuing some nation-wide measures such as ‘the Comprehensive Measures to Stop School Violence’. This article analyzed major principles and changes of the zero tolerance polices of US case, to induce some policy suggestions for the validity of Korean government’s measures implemented under the understanding that “little bullying” is also a “crime” to disclose all school violence.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 〈요약〉
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 무관용정책의 전개과정과 법적근거
• Ⅲ. 학교내 무관용정책의 변화
• Ⅳ. 무관용정책의 시사점 및 결론
• 참고문헌
• 〈Abstract〉

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