남·북한 경제교류협력 활성화 방안에 관한 연구 = How to improve the economic cooperation between South and North Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Economic cooperation between South and North Korea would be one of the processes to achieve the Korea's reunification. It can establish the foundation to overcome the North's economic problem, recover the homogeneity of the national economy and understand the counterpart's traditional value and characteristics of people's way of living. By these shown effects, we can also diminish the gap between the North and South, and reach up for the goal of the unification.
After Korea liberated from Japan's rule, South and North Korea maintained the hostile relationship. On July 7th 1988, however, South Korea and North Korea decided to share their thoughts over all of the fields. This decision has been made on the special declaration of our ethnicity's esteem and the reunification of Korea. Over 20 years, South and North Korea have tried to achieve the economic cooperation. Through the process, the cooperation worked out or remained calm by a lot of non-economic elements.
During the initial period of the North and South's economic cooperation, there were not much legal and institutional devices; so the cooperation ended up with mere trades or small scale manufactures. However, when the trade got active, the profit by trades reached up to 1.82 billion dollars.
However, the economic cooperation between the South and North didn't show the mature characteristics despite its long history. The reasons were found to be the four powerful neighboring nations' policy changes, inconsistent domestic policy, the North's military action including missile and nuclear tests, and inferior circumstances for the investments.
In this research paper, we will discuss how to revitalize the economic cooperation between North and South Korea. To revitalize the cooperation, we need to fix the troubles by suggesting the new policies.
To know theoretical backgrounds, we will discuss the concepts, conditions and methods of the unification. And for the political unification, we will discuss the federal approach, functional approach, and new functional approach and communicational approach. Economic unification theory consists of unification theories regarding contents, management and steps of the economic development process. Concerning the current situations between the North and the South, we should actively promote economic·social·cultural economic cooperations following the lessons from 'functional unification theories.' Also, we could recover friendliness, establish the trust and draw the political consensus without the implementation of a supranational organization by using the concepts from 'functional unification theories.'
The model that we can look up is Germany. Despite the East Germany's timid attitude, West Germany kept up with the policy, "Change through Approach." It got a lot of support from the four second World War winner countries and its own government, and helped East Germany to earn more profits in their specialized fields. And West Germany also unified the public opinion, and got supports from the public and government officials. The problems occurred by the political and military conflicts were solved over 40 years.
Though we have not achieved the reunification yet, China and Taiwan which have similar political ambience with us, kept up with tyrannical way of reigning and succeeded to revitalize economic cooperation. Furthermore, they promoted the cooperation with private enterprises; so the cooperation would not end up with the mere governmental cooperation.
By far, when we look at the history and problems of North and South Korea's economic cooperation, we can notice that after President Dae-jung Kim's administration, the cooperation got blossomed. Before President Kim's administration, there was a preliminary period based on "July 7th Declaration," Open economy policy for North Korea, "South and North Korea's Economic Cooperation Act" policy in August 1990. The administration sets private enterprise free to trade commercially and made a negotiable and flexible policy on the construction, food deficit problem in North Korea. President Moo-hyun Roh was a successor of President Kim's "Sunshine Policy," and supplemented some political devices which resulted in a billion dollars of trade profits in 2005.
However, the policy by President Roh was criticized for its negligence on the national security, structural and attitude problem, and lack of profitable business.
President Myung-bak Lee did not reach the expected level in peace and security field of South Korea. Based on this critical viewpoint, President Lee promoted "No Nuclear Weapon/ Open-door/ 3000" policy. However, from the beginning of the administration, the relationship between North and South Korea got worse. The case of warship Cheonan and the Yeonpyung Island incident led to no communication between North and South Korea except for Gaesung industrial complex issues.
Although the North and the South have been cooperating economically for the last 20 years, problems such as lack of national consensus, legal institutions and social infrastructures in North Korea, and inconsistent policies still occur and they are causing failures in obtaining profits for South Korean entrepeneurs. To revitalize the North-South Korea economic cooperation, we need to set it freer from the government's regulations. To do this, many representatives from the different fields need to form the public bond and give more rights to voters than to politicians. By doing this, the economic cooperation will get freer from the political influences.
Secondly, we need a correct understanding about North Korea. We need to set organizations, like a volunteer group in North Korea, to provide correct information to set the policy and select the long-term task to activate the cooperation.
Furthermore, we should set a 'New Government and Business Separation' policy to give more freedom to the private enterprises and set a more flexible policy for Gaesung industrial complex.
Fourth, the government and private entrepreneurs should clearly divide each one's role. For South Korea following the free market economy, private companies should be the leading body in economic cooperations. Also, the government should actively intervene in affairs which an individual enterprise could not deal with and setting target fields and appropriate methods is important.
To prosper South and North Korea's economic cooperation, we need to vitalize a four listed South Korea and North Korea's economic cooperation agreement, including a book-entry system, commercial conflict, guaranteed investment, and double-tax limitation. Though this agreement was approved at the fourth North Korea and South Korea's high-ranking official meeting, it needs a follow-up measures to bring the agreement into reality.
In addition, the domestic law and system with low restrictions is essential. North Korea and South Korea have different characteristics in every single policy about economic cooperation. Therefore we need to set correct and proper devices to vitalize economic cooperation.
Furthermore, it is important to create a proper ambience for the investment towards North Korea. Although the devices and systems for economic cooperation is perfect, if social overhead capitals are not backed up, it is hard to achieve a certain satiable effect from the economic cooperation. To change North Korea more radically, we need a government's support to fund North Korea to join the IMF, the fundamental course to the democracy.
Finally, a driving force to found the South and North Korea's economic community is necessary. Creating a South and North Korea's mutual economic community has a primary purpose of simultaneous progress of South and North Korea's economy. And with this progress, we will lead North Korea to reform and create a system for political, military, social, and cultural peace maintenance system between North and South Korea.
Until now I have shown the development of the inter-Korean economic cooperation. The relationships between the North and the South could change from time to time. We can learn lessons from Germany's case. Although West Germany and East Germany showed hostilities due to continuous conflicts such as the exodus of 171 East Germans and the espionage of 100000 East Germans in West Germany, both were patient enough to continue economic cooperations and finally achieved the reunification. Likewise, North Korea and South Korea should maintain patience and tolerance for their counterpart, draw national consensus through public education and persuasion and promote gradual economic cooperation. This will cause changes in North Korea and set the milestone for the reunification of the two Koreas.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서론 = 1
• 제 1 절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제 2 절 연구의 범위 및 방법 = 3
• 1. 연구의 범위 = 3
• 2. 연구의 방법 = 4
• 제 2 장 경제교류협력에 관한 이론적 고찰 = 5
• 제 1 절 경제교류협력의 이론적 배경 = 5
• 1. 경제교류협력과 통합이론 = 5
• 2. 통합의 개념과 조건 = 7
• 3. 통합이론의 접근유형 = 12
• 제 2 절 분단국의 경제교류협력 사례분석 = 16
• 1. 동ㆍ서독의 경제교류 협력 사례 = 16
• 2. 중국ㆍ 대만의 경제교류 협력 사례 = 27
• 제 3 장 남북한 경제교류협력의 역사적 전개와 문제점 = 36
• 제 1 절 김대중 정부 이전시기(시도기) = 38
• 제 2 절 김대중 정부 시기(본격 추진기) = 40
• 제 3 절 노무현 정부 시기(양적 성장기) = 43
• 제 4 절 이명박 정부 시기(재정립기) = 46
• 제 5 절 남북한 경제교류협력의 평가 = 51
• 1. 남북한 경제교류협력의 긍정적인 성과 = 51
• 2. 남북한 경제교류협력의 문제점 = 52
• 제 4 장 남북한 경제교류협력 활성화 방안 = 62
• 제 1 절 남북한 경제교류협력의 기본과제 = 65
• 1. 국민적 합의 도출 = 65
• 2. 북한 경제상황의 정확한 이해 = 68
• 3. ‘신(新)정경분리’ 정책 견지 = 75
• 4. 정부와 민간 사업자 간의 역할 분담 = 77
• 제 2 절 남북한 경제교류협력의 활성화 방안 = 81
• 1. 경협 4대 합의서 현실화 = 81
• 2. 국내 법ㆍ제도 정비 및 규제완화 = 86
• 3. 대북투자 환경구축 = 90
• 4. 남북한 경제공동체 구축 적극추진 = 95
• 제 5 장 결 론 = 100
• 참고 문헌 = 105
• Abstract = 110