학성 한철하의 복음주의 신학 사상에 대한 연대기적 분석과 "ACTS 신학공관" 제안의 의미 = Achronological analysis of Dr. Chul-ha Han's evangelical theological thought and the significance of the proposal of "ACTS synoptic theological studies"

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Dr. Chul-Ha Han (1924-2018) is acknowledged as the father of
Korean evangelical theology and a globally esteemed Calvin scholar. This
dissertation presents an exploration of his faith journey, a chronological
analysis of his theological works, and an examination of his distinctive
theological methodology, "Synoptic Theological Studies." The aims of this
study are threefold: first, to investigate the impact of the early Korean
church's evangelical faith on his theological formation; second, to
chronologically analyze his theological oeuvre to delineate the core
characteristics of his evangelical theology; and third, to elucidate the
content of his Synoptic Theological Studies, thereby establishing a
foundation for a practical theological methodology.
Dr. Han's spiritual journey is delineated into three critical phases.
The first phase encompasses his acquisition of evangelical faith; the
second phase involves his theological education in the United States,
where he assimilated Calvin’s theology and formulated his evangelical
theological framework; the third phase encompasses his incorporation of
Wesleyan theology into his theological praxis.
Dr. Han became a theologian through a distinctive journey of faith.
While searching for the Truth, he became convinced that true truth
resides in Christianity. He was not influenced by any particular Christian
thinker or theologian. Instead, he became a theologian through “faith in
the Gospel” brought to Korea by missionaries. In other words, it was
through the teachings of the early Korean church that he embarked on
his theological path.
He grew up within the Northwestern Christianity in Korea, which
followed the Old-Princeton Theology tradition. Churches there upheld
conservative beliefs and evangelical traditions. In the annals of Korean
theological history, Dr. Han occupies a pivotal position. His theology is
intimately connected to the orthodoxy of Dr. Hyung-Nyong Park, which
in turn inherited the theological legacies of Samuel A. Moffett and
William D. Reynolds from Pyongyang Seminary. Dr. Han’s evangelical
theology can be synthesized as an amalgamation of 16th-century Calvinist
theology, 20th-century Old Princeton Theology, and Hyung-Nyong Park's
orthodoxy, with an additional appropriation of Wesleyan theological
insights.
Dr. Han's theology was driven by an "ecclesiological awareness"
because he had a positive view of revivalism and believed that all
theology should be devoted to church ministry. He also viewed the
earthly church as holding significant value as it aspires toward the ideal
of the heavenly church. Hence, his theology was eschatological and
otherworldly, focusing on salvation with the ultimate goal of the afterlife
and the Kingdom of Heaven, while simultaneously addressing real-world
issues by embodying biblical activism through the practice of evangelical
faith.
His quest for truth led him to Japan, where he affirmed the veracity
of divine truth in Christianity, and subsequently to the United States,
where he corroborated the historical authenticity of his faith and engaged
in an extensive study of patristic theology, particularly Calvin’s Institutes
of the Christian Religion at Westminster Theological Seminary. Upon his
return to Korea, he served as a professor in Presbyterian seminaries for
13 years, playing a central role in three major theological controversies:
the indigenization debate, the 1967 Confession of Faith controversy, and
the critique of the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification.
Dr. Han’s theological endeavors reached their zenith with the
founding of the Asian Center for Theological Studies and Mission
(ACTS) in 1974, aligned with the global evangelical movement. ACTS
evolved into a central hub for Korean evangelical theology and a
pioneering missionary institution. Dr. Han also engaged in theological
missions through lectures at Fuller Theological Seminary. He played a
practical midwifery role in the establishment of the Korean Evangelical
Theological Society, a theological community encompassing Presbyterian,
Methodist, Holiness, and Pentecostal denominations. He also initiated the
Korean Evangelical Fellowship, a coalition of evangelical churches,
striving to balance theology and ministry.
He consistently critiqued the issues inherent in Western theology and
called for their rectification. Later, he termed this effort "Theology
Mission". He identified the problem of Western theology not as one of
logic, but as a methodological issue incapable of producing genuine faith.
In other words, he sought to repudiate unbelief.
His research on Calvin’s theology culminated in the formation of the
Asian Congress on Calvin Research and the Korea Calvin Society,
precipitating a Calvinist renaissance in Asia. His scholarly legacy includes
the development of ”Synoptic Theological Studies“, an innovative
methodological approach that addresses the limitations of Western
theology by emphasizing a hermeneutic centered on soteriology. This
approach, grounded in the essence of redemptive religion, is being
propagated through the faculty of ACTS and aims to reorient
contemporary theology towards practical applications that benefit the
church.
Dr. Han provided critical guidance for Christianity in a postmodern,
secularized context, offering a methodological framework for conducting
theology that centers on salvation and faith. His teachings call upon
contemporary theologians to uphold the ultimate goal of faith (scopus
fidei) and to develop a practical theology that serves the church
effectively.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가는 글 ······················································································· 1
• A. 연구 주제와 목적 및 범위 ····································································· 1
• 1. 주제와 목적과 유익 ·········································································· 3
• 2. 자료 및 범위와 한계(Delimitation) ·················································· 6
• B. 연구 방법론 및 논문 구조와 지도개념 ················································ 9
• 1. 연구 방법론(Methodology) ································································ 9
• 2. 논문의 전체구조(Structure) ··························································· 11
• 3. 지도개념(Keyword) ·········································································· 16
• a. 기독교종교(Christisn Religion) ················································ 16
• b. 복음신앙(Fides Evangelii, Faith in the Gospel) ················· 20
• c. 신본주의(Theocentricism) ·························································· 23
• d. 복음주의(Evangelicalism) ·························································· 24
• e. 중심진리(Central Truth) ····························································· 28
• f. 신학공관(Synoptic Theological Studies) ································ 30
• g. 칼빈의 신학과 웨슬리적 실천 ··················································· 33
• C. ACTS 신학과의 관계 ············································································ 35
• Ⅱ. 학성의 신앙과 신학 배경으로서 한국교회 초기 신앙 ············· 38
• A. 역사 해석 방법론 ················································································· 38
• B. 한국교회 초기 복음신앙과 학성의 신앙 형성 ································· 44
• 1. 한국교회 초기 복음신앙의 경향성 ················································· 46
• a. 기독교의 본질(本質): 종교론 ··················································· 46
• b. 복음의 기원(起源): 성경론 ························································· 50
• c. 복음의 전당(殿堂): 교회론 ························································· 54
• d. 복음의 역동적 역사(役事): 부흥(Revival) ······························ 59
• e. 복음의 투쟁(鬪爭): 항일운동, 반공사상, 신사참배 저항 ······ 66
• 2. 학성의 생(生)과 한국교회 복음신앙과의 만남 ···························· 71
• Ⅲ. 학성의 복음주의신학 태동 (1924~1974) ··································· 78
• A. 제1기: 한국교회와 복음신앙 경험(1924~1954) ····························· 79
• 1. 유소년 시절(1924~1942): 한국교회 복음신앙 체득 ··················· 79
• 2. 청년 시절(1942~1950): 일본 유학과 지성적 자각 ····················· 87
• 3. 목회자 시절(1950~1954): 교회 개척과 문서 사역 ····················· 97
• B. 미국 유학과 세계복음주의신학 체험(1955~1960) ························· 106
• 1. 맥코믹신학교(1955. 9~1956. 6): Albright 학파와 성경신학 ·· 109
• 2. 웨스트민스터신학교(1956. 9~1958. 6): 반틸의 변증학 ········ 115
• 3. 버지니아 유니온신학교(1958. 9~1960. 6): 개신교 교부학 ···· 121
• C. 학성의 신학교육과 현실 참여(1960~1974) ································· 128
• 1. 장로교 교단 신학교의 신학자(1960~1974) ································ 128
• a. 합동측 남산 총회신학대학교 교수(1960~1963) ·················· 129
• b. 통합측 광나루 장로회신학대학교 교수(1964~1974) ·········· 134
• c. 보세이 에큐메니칼연구소: 사회복음 연구(1966~1967) ····· 148
• 2. 학성의 복음주의신학과 신학논쟁 그리고 가톨릭과의 대화 ····· 154
• a. 제1차 논쟁: 토착화 논쟁(1964) ············································· 155
• b. 제2차 논쟁: 신조 논쟁(1967)\ ················································ 173
• c. 제3차 논쟁: 이단 논쟁(1970~1971) ······································ 188
• d. 한국 가톨릭과의 대화(1963, 1968~1971) ··························· 197
• 3. 학성의 현실 참여(1971~1973): 민주수호국민협의회 ··············· 203
• Ⅳ. 학성의 복음주의신학의 발전과 확장 (1974~1997) ················ 233
• A. 세계 복음주의 운동과 한국복음주의신학의 개척 ························· 233
• 1. 아세아연합신학대학원(ACTS) 한국 유치와 설립(1974) ········· 233
• 2. 미국 풀러신학교에서의 강연(1979,1985) ·································· 254
• 3. 아시아신학연맹(ATA) 창립(1971)과 아시아신학대학원(AGST)
• 설립 제안(1984) ············································································· 275
• B. 국내에서의 복음주의신학 운동과 칼뱅 연구의 중흥 ····················· 283
• 1. 한국복음주의신학회 설립(1971~1981) ········································ 283
• 2. 한국복음주의협의회(KEF) 설립(1978~1981) ···························· 303
• 3. 아시아칼빈학회(1987)와 한국칼빈학회(1988) 설립 ················· 305
• a. 「신학지남」칼뱅 특집호(1962): 학성의 기고 작품 해설 · 305
• b. 학성의 “칼빈신학에 있어서의 경건” 연구(1964) ················ 310
• 4. 한국과 아시아의 칼뱅 르네상스: 학성의 칼뱅 작품 연구 ····· 315
• a. “칼빈과 칼 바르트에 있어서의 기도론 비교”(1983) ·········· 320
• b. “칼뱅 신학에 있어서의 목회 신학”(1989) ··························· 324
• c. “칼뱅의 하나님의 영원한 선택교리와 목회 신학”(1995) ·· 334
• d. 개회연설: “칼뱅의 종교에 있어 한국 칼뱅주의의 뿌리를
• 찾아서”(1998) ········································································· 340
• e. “칼뱅의 부활론과 목회 사역”(1999) ··································· 345
• f. “칼뱅에 있어 신앙의 목표”(2002) ········································ 353
• C. ACTS 신학공관 제안(1994) 및 ACTS 선교대학원 건립(1997) ·· 360
• Ⅴ. 학성의 복음주의신학의 성숙(1998~2018) ································ 371
• A. 복음중심의 에큐메니칼 신학: 칼뱅신학과 웨슬리 신학의 추구 ·· 372
• 1. 학성의 ACTS 신학 건설의 비전 ················································· 372
• 2. 학성의 복음주의신학: 칼뱅과 웨슬리의 본질적 일치 ·············· 376
• 3. 학성의 “칼뱅과 웨슬리의 성화론” 이해 ····································· 391
• B. 학성의 신학 여정의 결정판: 『21세기 인류의 살 길』··············· 402
• C. 정교한 독서법의 완성판: 『기독교강요 해설과 토론』················ 450
• Ⅵ. 신학공관 제안과 실천(1994~2018) ··········································· 466
• A. 신학공관의 제안 ················································································· 466
• 1. 신학공관의 정의와 필요성 ···························································· 466
• 2. 학성의 제안과 실천의 역사 ························································ 473
• B. 공동 연구로서의 신학공관과 ACTS 교수진의 실천 ··················· 505
• 1. 공동 연구의 가치와 중요성 ························································· 506
• 2. ACTS 교수진의 분과별 공동 연구 논문 개관 ·························· 511
• 3. ACTS 신학포럼을 통한 공동 연구 실천 ··································· 519
• C. 신학공관의 방법론(Methodology) ····················································· 522
• 1. 중심진리와 신앙의 목표(Scopus Fidei) ···································· 523
• 2. 해석학적 구조: 총괄(Summa)과 부분(Pars)의 관계 ············· 529
• 3. 종교적 독서: 실재 자체(res ipsa) ············································ 534
• 4. 신학자의 자세와 경건한 글쓰기(Pious Writing) ················· 537
• D. 신학공관 평가(Evaluation)와 역사적 신학적 의의 ······················ 543
• 1. 북미 복음주의 학자들의 평가: D. A. Carson(1999), Frank A.
• James(2017) ················································································· 543
• 2. 신학공관 평가의 함의 ·································································· 553
• 3. 신학공관의 역사적 신학적 의의 ··············································· 554
• Ⅶ. 나가는 글 ······················································································· 560