대학생의 학업지연 원인 탐색: 혼합연구 = Exploring the reasons for undergraduates' academic procrastination: Mixed-methods research

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between two types of academic procrastination and their related variables in quantitative inquiry. This study also explored the reasons why students delay academic tasks in qualitative inquiry. To accomplish this study, a mixed-methods design was used. This results were as follows. First, passive and active procrastination showed entirely different characteristics. There were negative correlations between passive procrastination and the learning flow, but there was no significant correlation between active procrastination and learning flow. Second, 64% of students had at least once experiences of delay. The causes of the procrastination were divided into six categories of internal problems and five categories of external problems. The internal problems were failure in time management, poor motivation, poor academic self-confidence, active delay, adherence perfectionism, and failure to process information. The external problems were leisure and outside activities, difficulty of curriculum content, difficulty with the task, the amount of redundant assignments, and team assignments. The qualitative research study showed five students with chronic delay had hidden reasons. These findings suggest that excellent academic program needed to help chronic delay students.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 학업지연에 대한 두 가지 유형(수동적 지연, 능동적 지연)이 존재하며, 학업지연 유형과 연구변인들의 관계를 살펴보는 것이 일차적 목적이고, 대학생들의 학업지연의 원인을 심층적으로 규명하는 것이 이차적 목적이다. 이런 목적을 달성하기 위해서 본 연구는 혼합설계를 바탕으로 진행되었다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수동적 지연과 능동적 지연은 연구 변인들 간의 상관을 통해 다른 특성을 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 수동적 지연은 학습몰입과 부적상관이 있었으나, 능동적 지연은 학습몰입과 유의한 상관이 없었다. 즉 둘째, 대학생들의 대략 64%가 최소한 한 번 이상 학업지연을 경험하였으며 그 원인은 다양하였다. 학업지연의 드러난 원인은 학생 내부에 원인이 있는 경우(6개 항목)와 학생 외부에 원인이 있는 경우(5개 항목)로 분류되었다. 학생 내부에 있는 원인은 시간 관리의 실패, 학습의욕 부진, 학업 자신감 저하, 능동적 지연, 완벽주의 성향, 과제물에 대한 정보처리 실패이다. 이밖에 학생 외부에 있는 원인은 외부활동이나 놀이, 교과내용이나 과제의 어려움, 과다한 과제물의 양, 팀 과제, 교육실제에 문제가 있는 경우이다. 이밖에도 질적 연구에 참여한 다섯 명의 학생들은 학업지연을 하게 된 감추어진 원인을 가지고 있었다. 제언을 하면, 대학기관이 질적으로 우수한 고등교육기관이 되기 위해서 만성적 학업지연을 가진 대학생을 돕기 위한 학습프로그램을 고민해야 할 것 같다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Morse, J. M., "혼합설계방법" 한누리 2012

2 서은희, "학업적 지연행동 극복 프로그램 개발 및 효과 연구" 연세대학교 대학원 2006

3 박승호, "여자 대학생들의 학업적 지연행동의 실태 및 원인분석" 한국교육학회 43 (43): 115-134, 2005

4 김아영, "성인용 학습몰입 척도 개발 및 타당화" 한국교육심리학회 24 (24): 39-59, 2010

5 서은희, "대학생의 지연행동 유형에 따른 몰입경험의 차이" 한국교육심리학회 26 (26): 377-390, 2012

6 Choi, J. N., "Why not procrastinate? development and validation of a New Active Procrastination Scale" 149 (149): 195-211, 2009

7 Yesil, R., "Validity and reliability studies on the scale of the reasons for academic procrastination" 133 (133): 259-274, 2012

8 Walters, C. A., "Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective" 95 (95): 179-187, 2003

9 Seo, E., "The relationship of procrastination, flow, academic achievement" 39 (39): 209-218, 2011

10 Lee, E., "The relationship of motivation and flow experience to academic procrastination in university students" 166 (166): 5-14, 2005

11 Steel, P., "The nature of procrastination : A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quint essential self-regulatory failure" 133 : 65-94, 2007

12 Freednam, J. L., "The Social Psychology of time" Sage 113-133, 1988

13 Bandura, A., "Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory" Prentice-Hall 1986

14 Chu, A. H., "Rethinking procrastination : Positive effects of"active"procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance" 145 : 245-264, 2005

15 Ellis, A., "Reason and emotion in psychotherapy" Lyle Stuart 1962

16 Ferrari, J. R., "Procrastinators and perfect behavior : An exploratory factor analysis of self presentation, self-awareness, and self-handicapping components" 26 : 75-84, 1992

17 Scher, S. J., "Procrastination, conscientiousness, anxiety, and goals : exploring the measurement and correlates of procrastination among school-aged children" 39 (39): 385-398, 2002

18 Knaus, W. J., "Procrastination, blame, and change" 15 : 153-166, 2000

19 Klingsieck, K. B., "Procrastination in a distance university setting" 33 (33): 295-310, 2012

20 Ferrari, J. R., "Procrastination as self-regulation failure of performance: Effects of cognitive load, self-awareness, and time limits on "working best under pressure"" 15 : 391-406, 2001

21 Klassen, R. M., "Procrastination and motivation of undergraduates with learning disabilities : A mixed-methods inquiry" 23 (23): 137-147, 2008

22 Harriott, J., "Prevalence of procrastination among samples of adults" 78 : 611-616, 1996

23 Day, V., "Patterns of academic procrastination" 30 : 120-134, 2000

24 Fernie, B. A., "Metacognitive beliefs about procrastination : Development and concurrent validity of a self-report questionnaire" 23 (23): 283-293, 2009

25 Spada, M. M., "Metacognitions, emotions, and procrastination" 20 : 319-326, 2006

26 Fernie, B. A., "Metacognitions about procrastination : A preliminary investigation" 36 : 359-364, 2008

27 Tice, D., "Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health : The cost and benefits of dawdling" 8 : 454-458, 1997

28 Golwitzer, P. M., "Implementation intentions and affective goal pursuit : Strong effect of simple plans" 54 : 493-503, 1999

29 Psychyl, T. A., "Five days of emotion : An experience sampling study of undergraduate students procrastination" 15 : 239-254, 2000

30 Grunschel, C., "Exploring different types of academic delayers : A latent profile analysis" 23 : 225-233, 2013

31 Bui, N. H., "Effects of evaluation threat on procrastination behavior" 147 : 197-209, 2007

32 Schraw, G., "Doing the things we do : A grounded theory of academic procrastination" 99 : 12-25, 2007

33 Creswell, J. W., "Designing and conducting mixed methods research" Sage 2007

34 Schouwenburg, H. C., "Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings" American Psychological Association 3-17, 2004

35 Fries, S., "Conflicting values and their impact on learning" 20 : 259-274, 2005

36 Corkin, D. M., "Comparing active delay and procrastination from a self-regulates" 21 : 602-606, 2011

37 Klassen, R. M., "Academic procrastination of undergraduates : Low self-efficacy to self-regulation predicts higher levels of procrastination" 33 : 915-931, 2008

38 Klassen, R. M., "Academic procrastination and motivation of adolescents in Turkey" 29 (29): 69-81, 2009

39 Aitken, M. E., "A personality profile of the college student procrastinator" University of Pittsburgh 1982