This research aims to review the current status of boundary delimitation and its limits, and seek methods of efficiently delimitating boundaries in a forest area in connection with ground surveying and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as an alternativ...
This research aims to review the current status of boundary delimitation and its limits, and seek methods of efficiently delimitating boundaries in a forest area in connection with ground surveying and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as an alternative of overcoming limits. And it intends to suggest feasibility of delimitating boundaries of the forest area by applying and verifying the means in the selected region.
We adopted an empirical research method; to be specific we selected a region to study methods of delimitating boundaries in the forest area in connection with ground surveying and the UAV. And we compared and analyzed the boundaries measured by ground surveying and images from the UAV and those in the forestry map about the distinction of distance, positional errors, and relevant regulations in the selected region. As for a research approach, we compared boundaries collected by UAV shooting and those measured by ground surveying on the existing cadastral map, and verified the accuracy and reviewed whether it is instrumental to use the UAV in delimitating the boundaries in the forest area.
As a result of designing a research method and applying it to the selected area, there was an average distinctive distance of 1.779m between the boundaries in the images and those in the cadastral map, and RMSE on X-coordinate is 0.357m and RMSE on Y-coordinate is 0.485m. Theses figures are within a 1.80m tolerance on a scale of 1/6,000 as set out in the current regulations but not falling into a tolerance of a boundary point as stated in the cadastral resurvey project. Though there is a restriction to absolute comparison as this research extracted the accurate boundaries based on the current status while the existing forest boundaries were not delimitated reflecting the current status due to characteristics of establishing the boundaries. For this reason, if the said elements are taken into account the accuracy of this research method will be improved.
With the aforementioned research outcomes we propose improvement points of future setting of boundaries in the forest area: first, the need for developing a model in connection with gleaning information on forest boundaries; second, the need for easing standards of setting boundaries in the cadastral resurvey; and third, in relation to revision of relevant policies on UAV application, the need for the current regulations indicating clear grounds of applying UAV and ensuing details in a form of guidelines.
The method for general land survey is used in delimitating boundaries in the forest area without an exclusive means for the forest survey, and the existing satellite survey and aerial photographic survey pose limitations to forest survey in terms of topographic characteristics and efficiency. If a convergence of the UAV and other relevant technologies is applied to not only delimitating boundaries in the forest area but also collecting various spatial information, it is expected to boost efficiency. Therefore, if relevant officials review the regulations related to the UAV and make revisions and establish detailed guidelines, it can be used in a wide range of cadastral areas.
This research has limitations; thus, follow-up study needs to be undertaken. We established the boundaries by using the UAV imagery, cadastral maps, boundaries on the forestry map, and ground surveying data. If researchers use cadastre-related data and materials on vegitation, soil, and contour lines on a follow-up research it is thought to extract current boundaries in the forestry area more accurately. Moreover, this research suggests feasibility of the research method on a small forest region of around ten land parcels having difficulty surveying directly.
Further experiment research should be conducted on the forest area in the cadastral resurvey district to have this research method validated.