중학생의 방어행동에 대한 자기효능감, 집단효능감, 또래괴롭힘 방어행동 간 관계에서 고정신념의 역할 = The Role of Entity Theory in the Relationships among Defender Self-Efficacy, Collective Efficacy, and Defending Behavior in School Bullying

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study focused on the roles of defender self-efficacy and collective efficacy as a way to increase defending behavior of bystanders in school bullying. It also examined how their effects would change depending on how much they believe in entity theory, which holds that characteristics of bullies and victims will not change. For this study, the survey was conducted to the group of students in three middle schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggido areas in November 2017. The self-report data of 284 Korean middle-school students were analyzed. The results indicated although both defender self-efficacy and collective efficacy contributed to defending behavior, defender self-efficacy played a more important role than did collective efficacy. In addition, although entity theory itself did not predict defending behavior, its moderating effect was significant in the relationship between defender self-efficacy and defending behavior. Finally, intervention strategies to increase bystanders’ defending behavior are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 또래괴롭힘 목격 시 주변인의 방어행동을 늘리기 위한 방안으로 방어행동에 대한 자기효능감과 집단효능감의 역할에 초점을 맞추었다. 이와 함께 이 변인들의 효과가 가해자와 피해자의 특성이 변하지 않을 것이라는 고정신념을 믿는 정도에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 2017년 11월 한 달 간 서울과 경기 지역 중학교 세 곳에서 설문을 실시하고, 중학생 284명의 자기보고 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 방어행동에 대한 자기효능감과 집단효능감 모두 방어행동을 정적으로 예측하였지만, 자기효능감의 예측력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 고정신념은 그 자체로는 방어행동을 예측하지 못했지만, 방어행동에 대한 자기효능감과 방어행동의 관계를 조절하였다. 즉, 고정신념이 강할 경우, 방어행동에 대한 자기효능감이 방어행동을 예측하는 정도는 더 약하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 결과에 기초하여 방어행동을 늘리기 위한 효과적 개입방법에 대해 논의하였다.

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