The research investigated changes of the form of woman's jeogori and chima according to the times, with classifying the measure items of woman's jacket (jeogori) and skirt (chima) by characteristics of each factor, and examining correlations of classi...
The research investigated changes of the form of woman's jeogori and chima according to the times, with classifying the measure items of woman's jacket (jeogori) and skirt (chima) by characteristics of each factor, and examining correlations of classified factors. The scope of the research ranges from 1910 to 1999.
The research materials, include 817 jeogori and 362 chima, total 1,179, in the 20th century's Korean women's costume.
Measure items were total 55 items, with 39 items in jeogori and 16 items in chima, by the selection of main composing elements of jeogori and chima, and items of identifying the forms.
In order to extract decimal factors among measure items examine and look into the correlations of the extracted factors, factorial analysis and correlation analysis were conducted by using the SPSS 12.0K for Windows program. The component correlations are as follows:
As a result of correlation analysis on the variable factor in the measure of jeogori, shoulder width, armhole, the length of Geot-git(left collar), and the Go-dae(back part of a collar) are proportioned in the case of the bust girth item.
Regarding a result of the correlation analysis on the but variable factors in the mode of a jeogori, as the jeogori is lengthened, the gore is enlarged, but the outer Go-reum(fastening ribbon) gets narrowed. As the An-git(right collar) is lengthened, the length of the right Seop(inner lapels of Jeogori) is shortened, and the outer Go-reum and the width of a sleeve becomes wider. As the length of the lower part of a jeogori is lengthened, the Dong-jeong(collar strip) is hanged on the higher. In the case of the sleeve width, it is in inverse proportion to the length of the side line of a jeogori and the right Seop, Whereas, it is proportional to the length of the An-git and the width of the outer Go-reum. In the case of Git width item, as the width of the Git gets wider, the outer collar and the Dong-jeong become wider. In the case of the outer breast tie, as the the outer Go-reum is longer, Git and the Dong-jeong become narrower.
In the case of the fixed factors of a jeogori, the correlation within factors does not appear according to the characteristics of the items less changed. In the case of the variable factors of a chima, the distinctive correlation with other items does not appear except that the length of the Mal-gi(chest band) on the both sides is proportioned does not appear. In the case of the variable factors on the mode of a chima, the waist band is hanged on the Mal-gi and the sewing line, close to the hem of the chima regardless of the width of the Mal-gi.
As a result of investigating concrete changes of forms according to the times by seeking out the experimental value for each era, the change aspects of the form according to the era in the variable factors of a jeogori are as a followings: in the case of the bust girth item, shoulder width, armhole, and the length of Geot-git were enlarged until 1970s, and later, they decreased. Until 1950s, length of Geot-git was shorter than that of the armhole of a sleeve. However, the length of outer collar became longer than that of the armhole of a sleeve from 1960s. In the case of the Go-dae(back part of a collar), the length widened to 16.9cm in 1990s, from 13.2cm in 1910s. In the case of the Hwa-jang(from BNP to stylion of jeogori), it was generally lengthened, but it is difficult to find the clear regulation.
Among the variable factors of the mode of a jeogori, the aspects of form changes according to the era in the measure items are as followings: Short jeogori was popular until the 1910s, and long jeogori was popular from the 1920s. Since then, the length of jeogori became gradually shorter until the 1980s, and it became longer again from the 1990s. It was the 1960s that front length extension was settled on a full scale.
Since the 1930s, the length of the Seop became gradually shortened, and began to be lengthened again from the 1970s-80s. The length difference between the left Seop and the right Seop was the biggest in the 1960s, while it was the smallest in the 1980s. The width of the outer Go-reum is in inverse proportion to the length of the Seop and the side line of a jeogori. The width of the outer Go-reum became constantly wider from the 1930s to the 1980s, and later it became narrowd again. The Dong-jeong, attached to the higher border is proportionate to the length of the lower end of the jeogori. Bungeo-baere(bottom line of a sleeve like fish belly), which began from the 1940s, was stabilized as the form in the 1960s and reached the peak in the 1980s. Its mode was continued until the 1990s. The item of collar width had widened until the 1950s, and later got narrowed again until the 1980s. The cutting of the Go-dae was based on the sewing method that was settled since 1960s and the An-git' head cut down was gradually reduced. In the case of the outer Go-reum, it began to be drastically lengthened from 1960s and reached the peak in 1980s. The rate of the short Go-reum against the long Go-reum is 84.7% on average. While the short Go-reum was gradually hanged on the lower side of a jeogori and the center part, the gap between breast ties became narrow. The long Go-reum was hanged on the collar and the Seop at the rate of the half, but since the 1950s, it was hanged on the side of the Seop at the rate of 4:6. the Kkeut-dong(cuff) became gradually wider and reached the peak in the 1980s. The forms, stretching to the sleeve in the sewing line of the armhole were the majority until 1950s. However, the line of the armhole and the sewing line became matched from the 1960s.
Among the variable factors of the mode of a jeogori, the change aspects of form according to the times are as followings: In case of the fastening of a jeogori, the rate of Go-reum decreased and it fell to by 39.1% in the 1970s. At that time, for an alternative method to replace the breast tie, broach was used and it became popular in the 1960s-1970s. The rate of Go-reum became larger again from 1980s. The Dong-jeong, was mode of cotton and silk mainly until the 1930s, but ready made Dong-jeong appeared on the market and promoted its sale from the 1960s.
The aspects of form changes according to the times in the fixed factors of jeogori are as followings: in the case of inner Go-reum item and the sleeve hem, they are maintained without a big change.
The change aspects of a form according to the times in the variable factors of chima measure are as followings: In the case of a waist circumference, the length of the Mal-gi was drastically lengthened over 5cm in the 1960s and maintained. The length of waist band was gradually shortened from the 1940s, and maintained since then. The length of a chima was lengthened from the 1930s to the 1980s and whose function as the formal dress was reinforced.
Among the variable factors of the mode of a chima, the change aspects of a form according to the times in the chima measure is as followings: In the case of a chima width, the lower hem circumference became suddenly widened by about 73cm so that the decorative feature of the chima reached the peak in the 1980s. The width of width of joined parts in a chima decreased in the number owing to the development of textile technology in the 1960s, and it increased again from the 1980s. The width of the Mal-gi became gradually narrow. Front length extension came into existence in the Mal-gi in 1960s. The waistband is mainly located on the low side of the Mal-gi. The waistband of both sides had been in the almost same position until the 1940s, but they became differentiated by almost 0.8cm on average from the 1950s.
In the case of the item of Jemuldan(self hem), the width of the side Jemuldan is wider except for the 1920s and the 1990s. The silhouette of a chima was the shape of tidily falling in the 1920s on the whole. As the era was going to the latter half of the twentieth century, entire silhouette has changed into the shape of the jar by the account that the width of outer pleats became narrow, and the volume of inside winkle increased. It is the 1980s that is the times to reach the peak of the jar silhouette.
Among the variable factors of form classification of the mode of a chima are as followings: In the case of a form of the Mal-gi, the rate of a linear type was higher until 1940s, but it gradually decreased after the 1950s. The straight Mal-gi became popular again under the reactionary tendency of returning to the past. The Mal-gi like a vest began to be popular from the 1950s, reached the peak in the 1960s, then gradually decreased, and again increased in the 1990s. The Mal-gi with shoulder strip appeared mainly in the 1960s and the 1980s.