자기존재와의 접촉도구로서의 미술치료 - 애착·뇌·미술치료의 상호관계를 기반으로 - = Art Therapy As a Tool for Accessing One’s Self-Existence - Focusing on Correlation Among Attachment, Brain, and Art Therapy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Based on the idea that nonverbal and emotional experiences before language acquisition form the core of oneself, this study investigated the usefulness of art therapy in establishing a self-internal interrelationship. It did so by activating and re-enacting past experiences through art activities and helping clients find themselves by establishing a mental process based on an external interrelationship with the therapist. In order to build a basis for healthy relationships, self-exploration and recovery are most important. Thus, this study referred to literature to explain how interrelationships have an important impact on forming self-existence from the viewpoint of attachment and the development of neuroscience. Then, it explained, based on the interrelationship between neuroscience and art therapy, that art therapy that stimulates and activates inner and external interrelationships not only reconstructs one’s inner-self but also brings about change in the relationship with the therapist. Finally, I explained the significance of establishing a mental process by experiencing the process of mutual relationship with art-client, therapist-client, and therapist-art-client, and by having a deep encounter with integrated self. Studying these points through a literature study revealed that the art therapy experience influences brain development and interrelationship, and has a extensive implications on defining individuals as human beings.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문에서는 언어 습득 이전의 비언어적이고 정서적인 경험이 자기의 근원적인 핵심을 이룬다고 보고, 미 술치료를 통해 과거 경험을 활성화하고 재연하여 자기내적 상호관계성을 확립하고, 치료자와의 외적 상호관계 성을 통하여 정신과정(mental process)의 확립을 추구하여 자기를 찾아가는데 미술치료가 유용하다는 점에 가 치와 의의를 두고 알아보고자 하였다. 건강한 상호관계의 틀을 구성하기 위해서는 자기의 탐색과 회복이 무엇 보다 중요하다고 보았다. 이를 위해 애착과 신경과학의 발달적 관점의 상호관계성이 자기존재감의 형성에 중요 한 영향을 미친다는 점을 문헌을 통해 알아보았다. 그리고 내․외적 상호관계성을 자극하고 활성화하는 미술치 료는 내적자기를 재구성하고, 치료자와의 관계에도 변화를 가져온다는 것을 신경과학과 미술치료의 상호관계성 을 통하여 알아보았다. 이를 기반으로 미술-내담자, 치료자-내담자, 치료자-미술-내담자와의 상호관계의 과정을 경험하며 정신과정(mental process)을 확립하여 통합된 자기와의 깊은 만남이 생긴다는 것에 의미를 두고 기술 하였다. 이러한 점들을 문헌연구를 통해 연구한 결과, 미술치료 경험은 뇌 발달과 상호관계에 영향을 끼치고 우리를 인간 존재로 규정하고 정의하는데 매우 광범위하고 함축적인 의미를 갖는다고 할 수 있다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Allen, M. S., "하인즈 코헛과 자기 심리학" 한국심리치료연구소 2002

2 McWiliams, N., "정신분석적 사례이해" 학지사 2005

3 Schmeer, G., "정신분석적 미술치료" (주)학지사 2011

4 Riedel, I., "융의 분석심리학에 기초한 미술치료" 학지사 2000

5 Madeleine, D., "울타리와 공간" 한국심리치료연구소 1997

6 Flores, P. J., "애착장애로서의 중독" NUN 2010

7 신의진, "애착의 신경생물학" 15 : 115-122, 2004

8 Wallin, D. J., "애착과 심리치료" 학지사 2010

9 반건호, "애착 이론의 과거, 현재, 미래" 경희의대 소아정신과 51 (51): 357-362, 2008

10 KBS 파노라마, "세 살의 행복한 기억"

11 임윤선, "성인애착이 대인관계 능력에 미치는 영향 : 존재감과 자기자비의 매개효과" 숙명여자대학교 대학원 2013

12 Anderson, T., "삶을 위한 미술교육" 책세상 2007

13 Winnicott, D. W., "반사회적인 행동에 대한 정신분석학적 이해 : 박탈과 비행" 한국심리치료연구소 2001

14 Hass-Cohen, N., "미술치료와 임상 뇌 과학" 시그마프레스 2011

15 정여주, "미술치료에서 상징의 심층심리학적 고찰" 4 (4): 97-112, 2004

16 이모영, "미술의 치료적 기능에 관한 탐색적 고찰 - 지각적 경험에 관한 논의를 중심으로 -" 한국미술치료학회 16 (16): 829-848, 2009

17 Segal, H., "멜라니 클라인" 한국심리치료연구소 1999

18 Winnicott, D. W., "놀이와 현실" 한국심리치료연구소 1997

19 Andina-Krerne, A., "Über das Entstehen von Symbolen" Schwabe & Co AG 1996

20 Arnheim, R., "Wir denken zu viel und sehen zu wenig. Im Gespräch : Rudolf Arnheim" 6 (6): 23-29, 1979

21 Alea, N., "Why are you telling me that? A conceptual model of the social function of autobiographical memory" 11 (11): 165-179, 2003

22 van der Kolk, B. A., "Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society" Guilford press 214-241, 1996

23 Siegel, D. J., "Toward an interpersonal neurobiology of the developing mind:Attachment relationships, “mindsight,”and neural integration" 22 (22): 67-94, 2001

24 Jennings, T., "The secret life of brain" Public Broadcasting Service 2001

25 Schiraldi, G., "The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook" Lowell House 2000

26 Fonage, P., "The mentalization focused approach to self pathology" 20 (20): 544-576, 2006

27 Cicchetti, D., "The impact of social experience on neurobiologial systems : Illustration from a constructivist view of child maltreatment" 17 : 1407-1428, 2002

28 LeDoux, J., "The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life" Simon & Schuster 1996

29 Siegel, D. J., "The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are" Guilford Press 1999

30 Hobson, P., "The cradle of thought: Exploring the origing of thinking" Oxford University Press 2002

31 Heller, W., "The asymmetrical brain" MIT Press 533-564, 2003

32 Pizzagalli, D., "The asymmetrical brain" MIT Press 511-532, 2003

33 Banfield, J., "The Handbook of Self-Regulation" Guilford Press 62-83, 2004

34 Kosslyn, S. M., "The Case for Mental Imagery" Oxford University Press 2006

35 Gantt, L., "Support for a neurobiological view of trauma with implications for art therapy" 36 : 148-153, 2009

36 Nickerson, C., "Studies on orphans sees benefits in family care" The Boston Globe

37 Weiss, B., "Social ecology of children's vulnerability to environmental pollutants" 114 : 1479-1485, 2006

38 Lieberman, M. D., "Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes" 58 : 2007

39 Ogden, P., "Sensorimotor Psychotherapy: One method for processing traumatic memory" VI (VI): 2000

40 Lusbrink, V. B., "Psychophysiological components of imagery" 24 (24): 58-62, 1989

41 Winnicott, D. W., "Primitive emotional development. In Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis: Collected Papers" Brenner/Mazel 1945

42 Ross, J. M., "Preconscious defence analysis, memory and structural change" 84 (84): 59-76, 2003

43 Stein, M., "Plasticity in the adult language system : A longitudinal electrophysiological study on second language learning Neuroimage" 33 (33): 774-783, 2006

44 Carlson, N. R., "Physiology of behavior" Allyn & Bacon 2001

45 Kernberg, O. F., "Object relations theory and clinical psychoanalysis" Jason Aronson 1984

46 Mechelli, A., "Neurolinguistics : structural plasticity in the bilingual brain" 431 (431): 757-757, 2004

47 Kosslyn, S. M., "Neural foundations of imagery. Nature Review" 2 : 635-642, 2001

48 Holmes, E., "Mental imagery and emotion: A special relationship?" 5 (5): 489-497, 2005

49 Rolls, E. T., "Memory systems in the brain" 51 (51): 599-630, 2000

50 Fónagy, P., "Memory and therapeutic action" 80 (80): 215-223, 1999

51 Lazar, S. W., "Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness" 16 (16): 1893-1897, 2005

52 Greegg, M., "Measurement of motivational imagery abilities in sport" 24 (24): 961-971, 2006

53 Gallese, V., "Intentional attunement : A neurophysiological perspective on social cognition and its disruption in autism. Brain Research" 1079 : 15-24, 2006

54 Lusebrink, V. B., "Imagery and visual expression in therapy" Plenum Press 1990

55 Brugger, B., "Handbuch der Psychologie für die Seelsorge" Patmos-Verlag 45-79, 1992

56 Malchiodi, C. A., "Handbook of art therapy" Guilford Press 2003

57 Schönhammer, R., "Einführung in die Wahrnehmungspsychologie. Sinne, Körper, Bewegung" WUV Facultas 2009

58 Watkins, J. G., "Ego states : Theory and therapy" W. W. Norton 1997

59 최진석, "EBS 교양, 노자(老子)"

60 Seifert, T., "Der Mensch ohne Hand oder die Zerstörung der menschlichen Ganzheit. Ein Symposion des Werkbundes Bayern" Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag 61-86, 1979

61 Fuster, J. M., "Cortex and mind: Unifying cognittion" Oxford University Press 2003

62 Riley, S., "Contemporary Art Therapy with Adolescents" Jessica Kingsley Publishers 1999

63 van der Kolk, B. A., "Clinical implications of neuroscience research in PTSD" 1071 : 277-293, 2006

64 Ribbins, A., "Between Therapists: The Processing of Transference/Countertransference Material" Jessica Kingsley Publishers 1999

65 Main, M., "Attachment across the life cycle" Tavistock/Routledge 127-159, 1991

66 Hass-Cohen, N., "Art therapy mind body approaches" 12 : 24-38, 2003

67 Lusebrink, V. B., "Art Therapy and the Brain : An Attempt to Understand the Underlying Processes of Art Expression in Therapy" 21 (21): 125-135, 2004

68 Vance, R., "Art Therapy and Clinical Neuroscience" Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2008

69 Fonagy, P., "Affect regulation, mrntalization, and the development of the self" Other Press 2002

70 Schore, A. N., "Affect regulation and the repair of the self" Norton 2003

71 Schore, A. N., "Affect regulation and the origin of the self: The neuro biology of emotional development" Erlbaum 1994

72 Schore, A. N., "Advances in neuropsychoanalysis, attachment theory, and trauma research : Implications for self psychology" 22 : 433-484, 2002

73 Gallese, V., "A unifying view of the basis of social cognition" 8 (8): 396-403, 2004

74 Bowlby, J., "A secure base : Clinical applications of attachment theory" Routledge 1988