태국 『쿤창쿤팬』의 완텅과 한국 『춘향전』의 춘향 비교연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the values about women in both Thai and Korean traditional societies through the heroines of representative classical literature: Wanthong in KhunChang KhunPhaen and Chunhyang in ChunhyangJeon. In other words, this is a comparative study which aims to find ideal images of women under the patriarchal societies appearing in both of the literature which are based on similar historical and literary backgrounds.
Looking at the social and cultural backgrounds of KhunChang KhunPhaen and ChunhyangJeon, there are some similarities. The respective traditional societies manipulating these works are patriarchal societies which are dominated by the ideology of social hierarchy allowing an almighty king and other lower classes. So both countries take different values on different status of people strictly, such as relationship between king and nobles, masters and servants, husbands and wives, parents and children, all of which are also influenced by the values of male superiority. Regarding the genre of literature, both KhunChang KhunPhaen and ChunhyangJeon were initially oral literature which spread widely through the means of Sepha and Pansori respectively and were recorded by writing in the 19th century, coinciding with the early Rattanakosin period of Thailand and the late Chosun Dynasty period of Korea. Especially, the viewpoint of womanhood in the respective societies which influences these works are very similar. This means that women in patriarchal society are considered valuable only when they get married and have their own family. Loyalty and faithfulness to their husbands are the most important virtue of all women. KhunChang KhunPhaen and ChunhyangJeon obviously reflect the ideas and values about women under the patriarchal society.
Therefore, the lives of Wanthong in KhunChang KhunPhaen and Chunhyang in ChunhyangJeon show status and ideal images of women which are expected by the respective societies in the 19th century in Thailand and Korea and implemented only by the viewpoint of men.
Wanthong, the heroine of KhunChang KhunPhaen, hesitates to choose between the love for KhunPhaen and the gratitude towards KhunChang. So she is condemned as a woman who has two husbands and dies on the execution ground finally. On the other hand, Chunhyang, the heroine of ChunhyanJeon, without fear of death, resists against Byun, Hak-do who interrupts her love, and forgoes her life to keep her love only for Lee, Mong-ryong by giving the reason that she has already had a husband and should be faithful to him. And she accomplishes her wish in the end. Therefore the name of Wanthong has become synonymous with “PhuYing SongJai”(ผู้หญิงสองใจ), it means a woman who has two husbands at the same time, while Chunhyang becomes the symbol of “Yeolnyeo”(烈女), which means a virtuous woman.
Focusing on the end of these two works, KhunChang KhunPhaen has a tragic ending with the death of Wanthong, but ChunhyangJeon has a happy ending. In other words, Wanthong in KhunChang KhunPhaen is condemned as “PhuYingSongJai”(a woman who has two lovers) and is executed. While Chunhyang in ChunhyangJeon is named as “Yeolnyeo”(a woman who is faithful to her husband) and live happily in the end. Although the endings of both works seem absolutely different, the reason why the two women face such fate is the same. That is the values of both traditional societies which forces any women to be faithful and loyal to their own husbands.
To summarize, Wanthong in KhunChang KhunPhaen and Chunhyang in ChunhyangJeon are representatives of ideal women which are defined by the viewpoint of men under the patriarchal male-centered society. KhunChang KhunPhaen proves how an ideal woman in the traditional Thai society must be, by showing the fate of Wanthong, who does not manage her own body carefully and not adheres to one husband and involves the second husband and eventually goes to the scaffold. While ChunhyangJeon reflects an ideal woman in the Chosun Dynasty period. Women must follow the tradition of Confucius conventions, in particular, the values of being faithful to one’s only husband, being beautiful, having abilities in housekeeping, and being moral. Moreover, Thai and Korean societies are based on Buddhist values and Confucian ethics respectively, so the readers can understand and accept the death of Wanthong and the resistance of Chunhyang without rejection or dispute.
From the comparison of the values about women and ideal women in Thai and Korean traditional societies through Wanthong and Chunhyang, it is found that despite some differences in historical and cultural backgrounds of the two countries, the values about women are very similar. That is the traditional society of Korea and Thailand, in spite of different values of Confucianism and Buddhism, but under the manipulation of patriarchal social structure, women have been repeatedly convinced that men are superior to women and a woman must be faithful to her husband and devotes to her only husband for all her life.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1.연구 목적 1
• 2.선행연구 검토 8
• 3.연구 방법과 범위 15
• Ⅱ. 『쿤창쿤팬』과 『춘향전』의 배경적 유사성 20
• 1. 19세기 태국과 한국의 시대적 배경과 여성 20
• 1) 19세기 태국의 시대적 배경과 여성 21
• 2) 19세기 한국의 시대적 배경과 여성 36
• 3) 여성과 정절 이데올로기 46
• 2. 『쿤창쿤팬』과 『춘향전』의 문학적 배경 53
• 1) 『쿤창쿤팬』과 『춘향전』의 장르적 배경 53
• (1)쎄파와 『쿤창쿤팬』 54
• (2)판소리와 『춘향전』 64
• 2) 『쿤창쿤팬』과 『춘향전』의 문학사적 의의 72
• (1)『쿤창쿤팬』 74
• (2)『춘향전』 80
• Ⅲ. 완텅과 춘향의 비교 87
• 1. วันทอง “ผู้หญิงสองใจ”(“두 마음의 여성” 완텅) : 가부장적 질서 속에서 희생 당한 여성 88
• 2. “열녀(烈女)” 춘향 : 가부장적 질서 속에서 꿈을 실현한 여성 124
• 3. 완텅과 춘향을 통해서 본 19세기 태국과 한국의 여성상 143
• 1) 완텅을 통해서 본 19세기 태국의 여성상 144
• 2) 춘향을 통해서 본 19세기 한국의 여성상 159
• 3) 죽음과 항거로 나타난 전통사회의 여성상 168
• Ⅳ. 결론 172
• 참고문헌 177
• 영문요약(Abstract) 190
• 태국어요약(บทคัดย่อ) 194