New Town and Redevelopment Projects starting from Seoul since 2002 have been carried out by the subject of real property owners’ union, based on the disposal of their own assets and the development gains produced by redevelopment. This method can be...
New Town and Redevelopment Projects starting from Seoul since 2002 have been carried out by the subject of real property owners’ union, based on the disposal of their own assets and the development gains produced by redevelopment. This method can be said to be a ‘high growth type’ urban regeneration project that needs a steady growth of the real estate market and a high growth of the national economy supporting this. Thus, it does not fit the domestic economic conditions following a route of a slow growth since the international financial crisis in 2008. Moreover, within the project district, regarding the residents’ compensation, an extreme conflict over measures for tenant residence/migration has occurred between union members and non-union members. In addition, existing residents’ resettlement rate was low, so publicity has been significantly undermined: e.g. local communities were destroyed. Accordingly, as the Act on the Maintenance and Improvement of Urban Areas and Dwelling Conditions for Residents was revised in February 2012, public management work and responsibilities range of the maintenance project expanded. Services of support for the establishment of measures for tenants’ housing and relocation and support for management plans were added, and the local government’s responsibilities for public management also expanded from the date of designation and announcement of a maintenance area to the point of time of the approval of the initial plan for management and disposal. The urban regeneration project itself means the expansion of awareness of public service as inherent regional public goods, and an action emphasizing the roles and responsibilities of the local government as public administrator of the urban regeneration project.
This study recognizes the lack of profitability replacement and publicity recovery of an urban regeneration project as the priority task for the continuous promotion of the urban regeneration project in low-growth era, and the local government’s plan for financial aid in the areas of demolition and relocation measures on which the conflicts between residents are concentrated in the process of promotion of the project conflicts between residents. Specifically, a plan for the assignment of revenue surplus following the urban regeneration project to ‘Local Tax Urban Regeneration-GAP’ and using it for the urban regeneration project was presented. Also, with a case of Gireum 1(il)-dong area where redevelopment and maintenance project has been carried out throughout the area from 2000 through 2012, its validity was demonstrated empirically.
A scale of regional development fund borrowing with Gireum 1(il)-dong Local Tax Urban Regeneration-GAP as repayment financing based on the concept of Tax Increment Financing (TIF) was estimated, and a financial aid-repayment simulation for the urban regeneration project was carried out by fully applying this scale of funding to costs of measures for evacuation and migration of the redevelopment project and then repaying it with the Urban Regeneration-GAP. As a result, as costs of measures for evacuation and migration were supported, the estimated proportional rate of the redevelopment project of Gireum 1(il)-dong would increase by 6.25% up to 9.11% and it would take about 11 years to repay borrowings. Through this, it was found that if the urban regeneration project was carried out in phased development at area units, the urban regeneration project support model of the method of “financial aid→development→creating tax revenue→recovery” using the Urban Regeneration-GAP could operate effectively.
Based on the results of this analysis, a TIF model using the special account of the urban regeneration project and regional development fund was drawn for the urban regeneration project activation areas provided by the current Special Act on Urban Regeneration. System improvements were suggested in order to install and operate the special account of the urban regeneration project provided by the Special Act and organically connect the revitalization plan for the urban regeneration project with the strategic plan.
Continued uses of physical methods of urban development by the local government like the past are not desirable: e.g. supplementing private development profits with passive policies such as a variety of deregulation, like floor area ratio and reducing charges. The local government should establish a systematic urban management policy piecing together residential, economic, social and cultural environments for a sustainable urban growth should be established, and through active administrative and financial supports, the private project should be supplemented and the city’s public service should be expanded. For this purpose, with avoidance of a private development-oriented urban quantitative expansion policy established in the past high growth period and the local government’s implementation of the means of funding for the urban regeneration project, the foundation of an indigenous urban regeneration project by the private sector and the public sector should be prepared.