Stochastic thermodynamics has been one of the most widely used approaches to study the nonequilibrium systems surrounded by thermal environments. In the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, we study several issues in the nonequilibrium thermodynami...
Stochastic thermodynamics has been one of the most widely used approaches to study the nonequilibrium systems surrounded by thermal environments. In the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, we study several issues in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics by considering exactly solvable linear Langevin systems.
First, we investigate the role of slow and fast variables in entropy production by coupled Brownian particles. In our system, the center-of-mass coordinate is a slow variable and the relative coordinate is a fast variable. The Brownian particles interact through a harmonic potential and are in thermal contact with two heat baths at different temperatures. We find that the system in the infinite coupling limit produces more entropy than a rigid rod system. By obtaining expressions of the entropy productions by the slow and fast variables, we show that the hidden entropy production by the fast variable is responsible for the extra entropy production.
Second, we study the efficiency at maximum power of a Brownian heat engine which is described by linear Langevin equations. The system consists of two Brownian particles which are trapped by a harmonic potential and driven by a linear external force. Each particle is in contact with a heat bath at different temperatures. The system can act as an autonomous heat engine performing work against the external driving force. We find that the efficiency of the engine at maximum power is equal to a universal form called the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency. The universal form has been known as a characteristic of endoreversible heat engines. Our result indicates that endoreversibility is not a necessary condition of the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency.
Finally, we show the the consistency of the entropy production of stochastic thermodynamics with that of classical thermodynamics. To to this, we take account to microscopic dynamics of the whole system consisting of a physical system and a surrounding thermal environment. The derivation assumes the Markov approximation that the environmental degrees of freedom equilibrate instantaneously. In that setup, we derived the relation between the irreversibility and the entropy production. Our microscopic approach provides a guideline for the choice of the proper reverse process to a given forward process. We demonstrate our idea with an example of a charged particle in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field.