As most of developed countries had experienced in the 1980s, the economic structure which the reformers have pursued in our country was clearly the structure of market economic based on neo-liberalism. Therefore, the major concern was focused on wheth...
As most of developed countries had experienced in the 1980s, the economic structure which the reformers have pursued in our country was clearly the structure of market economic based on neo-liberalism. Therefore, the major concern was focused on whether the economic textbook of the 7th education curriculum followed the principle of neo-liberal market economy completely. However, as the system of authorized textbook which could compile the textbooks in many ways was introduced, the criticism has been made that the contents of economic education about the theory of neo-liberal market economy were not expressed well in it.
However, the theory of neo-liberal market economy has always been on the verge of controversy. The market theory of neo-liberalism has the positive aspect which has contributed to the development of economy with the improvement of the national competitiveness by institutionalizing the market capitalism of free competitiveness, but this idea receives a lot of criticism in that it is disregarding the problems of social equality by emphasizing economic efficiency only. Therefore, for the bright future of Korean economy, it is necessary for us to raise the balanced understanding for the economic theory which is being provided by school economic education.
With this consideration, we can summarize the analysis on the textbook as following.
First, the arguments on neo-liberal economic theory are typically focused on whether the market function or the government function should be placed first on the agenda or not, concerning the failure in the system of market and government, the policies for macroeconomic stability, the problems of privatizing public enterprises, and the labor problems.
Second, if we look at the seventh economic education curriculum according to the classification of controversy on neo-liberal economic theory, the 7th economic education curriculum somewhat poses negative or passive consistency concerning government's intervention in market, and it seems that the evaluation about market had avoided the criterion called ‘fairness.’
Third, if we examine the itemized controversy on the contents of textbook, in relation to this viewpoint between the neo-liberal market function and government function of intervention, we can see that the part written on the basis of a market accounts for 48%, the part written on the basis of government role 28%, and the part written on the basis of both government role and market role 24%. If we look at it on the whole, we can see that it is written on the basis of trust of market function as a solution to the problem concerning market failure and government failure.
Fourth, concerning the policy for macroeconomic stabilization, it mainly adopts the supplemental and revised attitude, and 80% of it shows a passive attitude about the role of government. It emphasizes the effort of individual economic subject, and in case of ‘economic textbook of next generation,’ it strongly shows the trust in market function and explains the case which can stabilize the economy through economic stabilizer for the countermeasure toward the macroeconomic stabilizer policy.
Fifth, concerning the problem of privatizing public enterprise, mostly, it acknowledges the trend of globalization and world market, and it emphasizes the necessity of privatizing the public enterprises for strengthening the international competition; it mostly has this position in which the solution centered on market function will be the most important one.
Sixth, summing up the matters on the labor market, we can see the following three factors are evenly focused; the solution for the labor problems through the supply and demand of labor force, the function of market accepting the relationship between the employers and the employees, and the government role such as the necessity for The Economic and Social Development Commission.
If we look at the controversy according to its classification, there appears the case which emphasizes the importance of market function concerning the government failure on macroeconomic stabilizing policies and the problems of privatizing public enterprises, and as for the market failure, the functions of market and the government are uniformly regarded. Overall, 50% shows the basis of neo-liberal market, 20% the basis of government role and 30% the basis of both market and government role. Generally, just as the 7th education curriculum has been written in the position of neo-liberalism, so the textbook shows signs to make efforts to reflect this point of view. In addition, it shows that some parts written on the basis of government role might have brought about the anti-market controversy.
Another misunderstanding against the arguments for the neo-liberal economic theory, apart from the comparison of the chief itemized controversy, can be seen by the comparison of the space allotment for the units in textbook concerning the externally emerging market function and the government function. There exists limitation in figuring the role of market and government in arguing neo-liberal market theory by the simple comparison of the total pages, but we can find out the intention of author’s viewpoint for the textbook and point out the problems of composition of education curriculum contents.
Externally, in relation to allotting space, we can generally see that the space which explains the government role(20%) is given more weight than that of market function(13%). If we look at space allotment from the whole appearance of textbook, we can see that the misunderstanding about neo-liberal market function gives more space than that of the analysis of contents.
In this situation, for the proper and balanced economic education which is based on the controversy of neo-liberal economic theory:
First, the coexistence of various kinds of textbooks, which are written in many ideas, should be permitted and comprehensively examined in the education curriculum which can be the source to write the textbook.
Second, there is a matter of unity of viewpoint within one economic textbook. Even there appear different explanations about market function and government function according to the units in one book. It seems that it might lose the mutual agreement among different authors. They need to maintain the unity of viewpoint through the constant mutual theoretical agreement among them.
Third, the economy educators should make their efforts to recover the sense of balance for neo-liberalism In the school, there must be the objective study in advance about right understanding of neo-liberalism and the strengths and weaknesses of neo-liberalism. To teach lessons to develop critical idea according to the educational goal of social studies, we should learn the complete theoretical knowledge in the field of education.
As liberal idea and conservative idea are different from each other, we cannot write one-sided viewpoint only because there are people who emphasize market function or government role in relation to the solution for economic problems. Especially, unlike natural science, economics as social science, which is always controversial, and economic education based on this idea should be taught to understand, compare, and discuss the social phenomenon which is controversial and contradictory. Getting out of anti-market controversy which opposes the market function itself, we should allow ourselves to understand and discuss the various kinds of opinions about the principle of movement, contradiction and limitation of market economy including alternatives. We should not teach the sprouting young learners one-sided idea. Rather we should get them to study a variety of roles of the market and the government with an objective perspective. Then they may have the desirable perspective and ability in grasping and solving the problems at hand. And we can succeed in breeding them as the citizens armed with critical thought ascribed to the education of economics. In this idea, I expect the textbooks to have a balanced sense for educating the role of market and government, and to be published as such.