濟州觀光開發과 資源保全 = Tourism Development and Conservation of Resources in Cheju

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. National Tourism and Destruction of Resources
An era of tourism popularization has come round in Korea owing to an increase in making use of leisure time in accordance with an improvement in the standard of living. Since 1984, the number of tourists who has visited Cheju have increased 16% every year, and it is anticipated that the figure will reach about 2,000 at the end of 1988. In order to meet the increasing demand for tourism, transportation and other facilities related to tourism are being developed continuously, even if not sufficient yet. With this, the destruction of environmental resources is on the rise as a serious problem. Needless to say, one of the basic challenges when developing tourism as a regional industry is to develop a strategy to conserve, or, at least, minimize the destruction of the natural environment. The development of this is as important as the development of tourism itself.
Hence, my basic point will address itself to describing, first of all, the actual conditions of environmental pollution of the major resources related to tourism such as soil, water, and natural landscapes, and then will be extended to examining how to conserve them.
2. The Masterplan of Development and Conservation of Tourism Resources in Cheju
Cheju is an island favored by nature. Since the 1960s, Cheju has strengthened a base of development and has increased regional income on the basis of tourism development led by the Central Government. In March 1985, a masterplan of Cheiu development, which will last until 1991, was launched. It is expected that the masterplan will perform a well-ordered development in a way of the conservation of natural environment being preferential. The masterplan employs some basic strategies including control of intemperate extension of development, attraction of tourists in a dispersive way throughout all tourist resorts, institutionalization of development refutation, and financial support for the conservation and reconstruction of human-made cultural stapes.
3. The Basic Policy for Conserving Natural Environment
(1) Mt. Halla
Mt. Halla, which is the most valuable, is a national park. The increasing number of climbers is a major cause of the mountain being destroyed. Against such a problem, some policies have already been employed to help preserve this problem, including an extension of the restricted area, the operation of climbing path by turns, and the expansion of the managing agency, However, other important policies are still left unemployed They include the restriction of the number of climbers, the readjustment of admission fee to a realistic level, and the reconstruction of damaged area, etc.
(2) The Regulation of Land Use
In 19791 a land-use planning was launched throughout all areas in Cheju. This planning aims at regulating land use in a rational manner, as well as in a way of minimizing the damage of land. Of the whole area (1,825 square kilometers), 507 square kilometers have been specified as natural area (for conserving the forest and natural environment), 392 square kilometers as urban residential area, and 621 square kilometers as agricultural land. A detailed supplementary plan is still necessary, especially, for the area of development promotion.
(3) Natural Landscape
A policy of natural landscape has also been launched with a purpose of conserving the natural landscape of Cheju. The core of this policy is to regulate building construction within 100 meters from the coastline ( about 5,703,000 square meters), and within 500 meters from the edge of major North and South cross roads. With the same purpose, the height of city buildings is regulated (for Cheju City, 12- 38 meters)
(4) Pollution
Rapid urbanization and an increase in the number of tourists accelerate environmental pollution. It has been identified that the pollution is more serious in Tab-Dong and Yongyeun than ·in other areas. One of the solutions of this problem is to purify sewage. A sewage disposal plant is under construction with a plan of completion until 1990. The treatment of rubbish and excretion is also being improved.
(5) Natural Resources
The policy for conserving natural resources includes the commercialization of processed natural stones and the proliferation of out-of-the-way plants available only in Cheju. It is no doubt that this policy will contribute greatly to the conservation and use of natural resources. In addition, the improvement in the environment of marine resources is also promoted continuously. Nineteen private fish hatcheries have been started throughout Cheju Province and reach an annual production of about 100,000 fishes.
(6) Folk Cultural Assets
The folk cultural assets, which are destroyed as time goes by, are being excavated. As part of the transmission of these assets, a folk museum and folk villages have been developed. Halla Cultural Festival is also held as part of this policy.
4. The Strategy for the Conservation and Development of Resources
(1) A Balanced Development
In Cheju, the concentration of population accelerates the pollution problem. Sixty percent of the total population in Cheju Province live in two cities, Cheju (43%) and Seogwipo( 17%). Tourism facilities as also concentrated in these two cities. This causes a problem with the damage to resources and results in a difficulty in the management and guide of tourism. One possible way of solving this problem is to promote a balanced regional development and tourism development with the necessary administrative and financial support. The development of the Sungsanpo region and a balanced qualitative tourism development need to be launched as soon as possible.
(2) The Development of New Tourism Resorts
The important targets for developing new tourism resorts include parks, historic sites, volcanic craters, and caves. It is expected that the development of these new resorts will function to decentralize the tourists, as well prevent the concentrated drain on natural resources. The development of new tourism resorts will be more effective if it includes the proliferation of plant resources and the development of landscape.
(3) The Intensification of Environment Management
It is a necessary measure for the management and conservation of Mt. Halls to expand the restricted area and to secure financial sources for maintenance. The development and operation of provincial parks is also a necessary measure. Other necessary policies should include the training of specialists for managing the quality of water, the cleaning and beautification of residential space, and the development of fresh rivers. It is no doubt that these policies can be successful when they are programmed and performed on a regional basis with the citizens active involvement and effort Administrative organization and financial support are also necessary in order for these policies to successfully implemented.
The revenue of an admission fee from all tourist resorts gained 6,400,000 dollars in 1987. This figure may be an indirect indicator that the expansion of the facilities in the tourist resorts will be a profitable and advisable policy which is expected to lead to, at least, two advantages: for example, the development of new facilities and a financial source for maintaining tourist resorts.
5. Conclusion
The particulars which Hawaii experienced are of much help for Cheju to actualize and solve the issues and problems mentioned this far. It is already well known that the conservation of the environment is an international issue. I hope that this international seminar will draw a useful result in terms of how to develop tourism, as well as how to conserve the environment. One possible way leading to this aim may be that this seminar covers the matter, "how to harmonize the development of tourism with conservation of the environment". In detail, the matter should relate essentially to the conservation of the quality of water, the proliferation of marine resources, the disposal of waste matter, and the development of social tourism resources, etc. These are all the areas of common interest for both Cheju and Hawaii.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 國民觀光과 資源의 毁損
• 2. 濟州綜合開發과 觀光資源保全
• 가. 綜合開發計劃의 基本方向
• 나. 觀光資源의 保全戰略
• 3. 資源保全施策 推進
• 가. 漢拏山 保全
• 나. 土地利用 規制
• 다. 景觀地域 保全
• 라. 環境汚染 防止
• 마. 天然資源 保護·增殖
• 바. 民俗資源의 保全
• 4. 資源保全 發展方案
• 가. 均衡있는 開發
• 나. 觀光 資源 造成
• 다. 環境管理의 强化
• 라. 造成 支援 對策
• 5. 結語