UN아동권리협약에 명시된 진화하는 능력 개념의 발달심리학적 이해 = Developmental Understanding of Evolving Capacities in UN Convention on the Right of the Child

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The concept of evolving capacities stated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child does not suggest any specific meaning itself. This study, therefore, attempts to understand the terms ‘evolvement’ and ‘capacity’ by examining will and interest theory of rights and self-regulation of developmental psychology. The results showed that the concept of evolving capacity embraces will theory, which focuses on the present capacity of a child, and interest theory, which focuses on the future developed capacity of a child, meaning spontaneous and conscious choice with development of autonomy. Furthermore, it was found that by examining self-regulation of developmental psychology, the present insufficient capacity corresponds to socially adaptive self-regulation and the future advanced capacity to self-determined self-regulation. It was also found that in capacity evolvement the best interest such as parental interactions should be provided as welfare and opportunity for future advanced capacity. In spite of the findings, more discussion is needed about concept such as how to figure out the degree of capacity evolving, what the best interests are, and how completely the parents make decisions.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

UN아동권리협약에 명시된 진화하는 능력 개념은 아동을 권리 주체로 본다는 점에서 중요 한 개념이지만 무엇을 의미하는지 다소 모호하며 구체적이지 못하다는 평이 있다. 이에 이 연구는 진화하는 능력의 진화 및 능력 개념을 의사설과 이익설을 통해 이해한 뒤 모종의 능 력이 부족한 상태와 보다 발전된 상태는 어떤 상태인지, 복지로서의 최상의 이익이 능력의 진화에 미치는 영향은 무엇인지를 발달심리학적 개념인 자기조절을 토대로 이해한다. 논의 결과 진화하는 능력은 자발적이고 의식적 선택이라는 자율성 발달을 의미하는 것으로 현재의 아동 능력에 초점을 두는 의사설과 미래의 발전된 능력과 잠재력의 성장에 초점을 두는 이익 설을 포괄하는 개념이었다. 또한 발달심리학의 자기조절을 살펴봄으로써 현재의 부족한 능력 은 사회적응적 자기조절에, 미래의 발전된 능력은 자기결정적 자기조절에 대응되며, 능력의 발전에는 발전의 기회로 작용하는 부모와의 상호작용과 같은 복지로서의 최상의 이익이 제공 될 필요가 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 함의에도 불구하고 진화하는 능력은 능력의 진화 정도 를 어떻게 파악할 수 있는가, 최상의 이익이란 무엇인가, 최상의 이익을 위한 보호자의 결정 이 언제나 완벽한가와 관련된 추가 논의가 필요하다는 점을 지적한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김호현, "영유아교사의 영유아 권리침해 인식의 모호성과 그 근거에 관한 혼합연구" 한국영유아교원교육학회 21 (21): 169-194, 2017

2 이재연, "아동의 권리에 대한 아동, 부모, 교사의 인식" 2 (2): 25-41, 1998

3 류수정, "아동권리에 대한 유아교사의 인식 및 아동권리 보장 실태" 경성대학교 교육대학원 2012

4 성희자, "아동 최선의 이익 판단의 구체적 기준에 대한 연구: 양육자 지정 대법원 판례를 중심으로" 사회과학연구소 23 (23): 3-21, 2012

5 김호현, "스마트기기 기반 유아용 AAC 앱의 사용성 평가에 관한 질적 연구" 한국아동권리학회 18 (18): 223-255, 2014

6 김민정, "부모의 정서표현유형과 유아의 성별에 따른 자기조절능력" 한국아동교육학회 20 (20): 95-111, 2011

7 최혜순, "부모의 놀이참여 수준 및 시간과 유아의 자기조절능력 간의 관계" 한국열린유아교육학회 16 (16): 117-133, 2011

8 김용숙, "부모-자녀 간의 의사소통능력과 유아의 자기조절력 간의 관계 분석" 3 (3): 21-34, 2011

9 Dewey, J., "민주주의와 교육 [Democracy and education]" 교육과학사 2004

10 김현철, "권리에 관한 의사설과 이익설" 407-436, 2003

11 Thomas, N., "When children's wishes and feelings clash with their best interests" 6 (6): 137-154, 1998

12 Nucci, P. L., "Values and knowledge" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 41-60, 1996

13 Graham, P., "The will theory of rights : A defence" 15 (15): 257-270, 1996

14 Steinberg, L., "The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence" 57 (57): 841-851, 1986

15 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "The rule of law"

16 Campbell, T. D., "The rights of the minor: As person, as child, as juvenile, as future adult" 6 (6): 1-23, 1992

17 Fuster, D., "The relation between executive functioning and emotion regulation in young children" 15 : 35-53, 2008

18 Raz, J., "The morality of freedom" Clarendon Press 1986

19 Voorhoeve, A., "The limits of autonomy" 46 (46): 78-82, 2009

20 Lansdown, G., "The evolving capacities of the child" UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre 2005

21 Eekelaar, J., "The emergence of children's rights" 6 (6): 161-182, 1986

22 Lind, J., "The best interest of the child as an argument in assessments of parent potential in Sweden" 22 (22): 1-21, 2008

23 LeBoeuf, R. A., "The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning" Cambridge University Press 234-266, 2005

24 González, C., "Temperament and attention in the self-regulation of 7-year-old children" 30 (30): 931-946, 2001

25 Gutmann, T., "Some preliminary remarks on a liberal theory of contract" 76 (76): 39-55, 2013

26 Bandura, A., "Social cognitive theory of self-regulation" 50 (50): 248-287, 1991

27 Bandura, A., "Social cognitive theory : An agentic perspective" 52 (52): 1-26, 2001

28 Bronson, B. M., "Self-regulation in early childhood: Nature and nurture" Guilford Press 2000

29 Grouzet, E. F., "Self-regulation and autonomy" Cambridge University Press 1-16, 2013

30 Sawyer, K. R., "Self-regulation and autonomy" Cambridge University Press 78-97, 2013

31 Sokol, B. W., "Self-regulation and autonomy" Cambridge University Press 208-230, 2013

32 Ryan, R. M., "Self-regulation and autonomy" Cambridge University Press 191-207, 2013

33 Richards, D. A., "Rights and autonomy" 92 (92): 3-20, 1981

34 Ryan, R. M., "On the interpersonal regulation of emotions: Emotional reliance across gender, relationships, and cultures" 12 (12): 145-163, 2005

35 Bloss, P., "On adolescence" The Free Press 1962

36 Kochanska, G., "Mother-child mutually positive affect, the quality of child compliance to requests and prohibitions, and maternal control as correlates of early internalization" 66 (66): 236-254, 1995

37 Arce, C. M., "Maturing children’s rights theory : From children, with children, of children" 23 (23): 283-331, 2015

38 Vohs, K. D., "Making choices impairs subsequent self-control : A limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative" 94 (94): 883-898, 2008

39 Raz, J., "Legal rights" 4 (4): 1-21, 1984

40 MacCormick, D. N., "Law, morality, and society: Essays in honour of H. L. A. Hart" Clarendon Press 189-209, 1977

41 Tobin, J., "Justifying children’s rights" 21 (21): 395-441, 2013

42 Schooler, L. J., "International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences" Pergamon 12771-12775, 2001

43 Vlachopoulos, S. P., "Interaction of external, introjected, and identified regulation with intrinsic motivation in exercise : Relationships with exercise enjoyment" 10 (10): 113-132, 2005

44 Vohs, K. D., "Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications" Guilford Publications 2016

45 Baumeister, R. F., "Handbook of self and identity" Guilford Press 197-217, 2003

46 Weiner, I. B., "Handbook of psychology: Developmental psychology" John Wiley & Sons 2003

47 Isen, A. M., "Handbook of emotions" Guilford Press 548-573, 2008

48 UNICEF, "General comments of the committee on the rights of the child" UNICEF Innocenti Research Center 2006

49 Frankfurt, H. G., "Freedom of the will and the concept of a person" 68 (68): 5-20, 1971

50 Hofmann, W., "Executive functions and self-regulation" 16 (16): 174-180, 2012

51 Cambridge dictionary, "Evolve"

52 Gralinski, J. H., "Everyday rules for behavior : Mothers'requests to young children" 29 (29): 573-, 1993

53 Hart, H. L. A., "Essays on Bentham: Jurisprudence and political philosophy" Oxford University Press 1982

54 Thompson, R. A., "Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition" 59 (59): 25-52, 1994

55 Archard, D., "Do parents own their children" 1 (1): 293-, 1993

56 Robson, A. S., "Developing autonomous children in the first school" 77 (77): 17-35, 1991

57 Dietrich, F., "Consent as the foundation of political authority : A Lockean perspective. Rationality" 5 : 64-78, 2014

58 Dan-Cohen, M., "Conceptions of choice and conceptions of autonomy" 102 (102): 221-243, 1992

59 Kochanska, G., "Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization : A mediational model" 38 (38): 339-, 2002

60 Ross, H., "Children’s rights and theories of rights" 21 (21): 679-704, 2013

61 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Children’s rights"

62 Wald, M. S., "Children's rights : A framework for analysis" 12 : 255-282, 1979

63 Dailey, A. C., "Children's constitutional rights" 95 (95): 2099-2179, 2011

64 Cowden, M., "Capacity, claims and children's rights" 11 (11): 362-380, 2012

65 Archard, D., "Balancing a child's best interests and a child's views" 17 (17): 1-21, 2009

66 Arnott, S. R., "Autonomy, standing, and children's rights" 33 (33): 807-, 2006

67 Hart, H. L. A., "Are there any natural rights?" 64 (64): 175-191, 1955

68 Kopp, C. B., "Antecedents of self-regulation : A developmental perspective" 18 (18): 199-, 1982

69 Ezer, T., "A positive right to protection for children" 7 : 1-50, 2004

70 Kochanska, G., "A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers' conscience : Committed compliance and emerging internalization" 66 (66): 1752-1769, 1995