The purpose of this study was on changes in scoring techniques and effective training methods after application of Protector and Scoring System(PSS) in Taekwondo(TKD) Kyorugi competition to provide intrinsic information for establishing an efficient a...
The purpose of this study was on changes in scoring techniques and effective training methods after application of Protector and Scoring System(PSS) in Taekwondo(TKD) Kyorugi competition to provide intrinsic information for establishing an efficient and effective training plan with practical training methods and scoring techniques at the PSS used TKD competitions for elite athletes and coaches. TKD competition related literatures and documents released by TKD related organizations were reviewed to achieve the objectives of this study, and surveys were conducted to the coaches, university professors and athletes who have PSS experience as a athlete or coach with the investigator developed open questionnaire and in depth interview in Korea and China. The inductive category analysis and statistical analysis by Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23.0 were used to analyze comparison of means, ratio, and frequency. The conclusion based on the results of the study were as follows: There were perceived changes found from both athletes and coaches on scoring techniques and training methods at PSS used TKD competitions. The research found that ‘back-foot roundhouse kick’ was the most effective attacking technique, and ‘front-foot hopping roundhouse kick’ and ‘front-foot ax kick’ were found to be the 2nd and 3rd in Regular Chest Protector(RCP) used competitions. ‘front-foot cut’ was found to be the most effective attacking technique and followed by ‘short-distance back-foot roundhouse kick’ and ‘back-foot roundhouse kick’. The ‘back-foot counter roundhouse kick’ was found to be the most effective defensive technique, followed by ‘back kick’ and ‘front-foot ax kick’ in RCP. The ‘front-foot cut’ was found to be the most effective technique, followed by ‘front-foot roundhouse kick’ and ‘punch’ in PSS. There were three techniques, the first, ‘back-foot counter roundhouse kick’, the second, ‘front-foot hopping roundhouse kick’, and dthe third, ‘back-foot roundhouse kick’ found to be the most effective ‘scoring techniques’ in RCP; and ‘front-foot cut’, ‘short-distance back-foot roundhouse kick’, and ‘front-foot roundhouse kick were found to be the most effective scoring techniques in PSS. There were significant changes found in scoring styles and scoring factors between RCP and PSS. the ‘defensive scoring styles’, ‘foot work’, and ‘back-foot technique styles’ were found to the top three most important scoring styles in RCP; and ‘short-distance technique’ and ‘front-foot technique styles’ were found to the top three most important scoring styles in PSS. The ‘timing factor’ was found to be the most important scoring factor in both RCP and PSS; and an interesting issue was found that the ‘accuracy factor’ was considered as very important factor in PSS meanwhile it was not considered as an important factor in RCP. The ‘kicking training’ and ‘foot work’ were found to be the most important factors in both RCP and PSS. The most significant differences between RCP and PSS found was ‘agility training’, ‘endurance training’ and ‘flexibility’. The ‘agility training’ was the 3rd ranked in RCP, however, it was ranked in 9th in PSS; the ‘endurance training’ was the 8th in RCP, but, ranked in 5th in PSS; and ‘flexibility’ was gotten lowest rank in RCP, but, ranked in 7th in PSS. In conclusion, this research found out that the application of PSS caused many changes in scoring techniques, scoring styles, and scoring factors at the TKD competitions; and the changes required TKD competition training methods. The significant changes found in this research were as follows, degrading the importance of ‘agility training’ along with the tactics, upgrading the importance of ‘flexibility training’, ‘scoring taining’ in elite TKD competition. Therefore, the elite TKD coaches and athletes need to aware the significant changes, and adjust their training programs and scoring technique training to the changed scoring system, PSS, in elite TKD competitions.