외국인 유학생의 한국 대학생활 적응에 대한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to explore the adaptation process and factors influencing the adaptation of international students to Korean university life, focusing on international students studying at Yonsei University. The research employed a qualitative research method, specifically narrative research, and conducted in-depth interviews with 10 international students enrolled in the graduate school of Yonsei University. The specific objectives of this paper in the context of understanding the adaptation process of international students to Korean university life and identifying the influencing factors are as follows: 1) Identifying the adaptation process of international students at Yonsei University, 2) Analyzing the factors influencing the adaptation of international students to university life as environmental and internal factors, 3) Understanding the relationship between environmental factors, internal factors of international students, and university life adaptation, and 4) Identified the factors affecting university life adaptation and propose various approaches to support university life adaptation. Data for this study was collected through one-time interviews with international students from October 2022 to March 2023. Prior to conducting the interviews, informed consent was obtained from the participants. The interviews were mainly conducted through Zoom, and the interview method used was semi-structured, where the researcher's questions and the participants' narratives were used to explore their experiences in adapting to Korean university life and the influencing factors. After the interviews, the researcher reviewed the interview contents to clarify any additional or ambiguous information and areas that were difficult to understand. The in-depth interview data collected through the semi-structured questionnaire was analyzed using a narrative research approach. Additionally, the collected data was analyzed through thematic analysis, resulting in three adaptation processes: socio-cultural adaptation, academic adaptation, and university environment adaptation. Furthermore, G. Hofstede's U-shaped cultural assimilation theory was applied to analyze the situation of the research subjects in relation to the adaptation of foreign exchange students to university life. G. Hofstede's U-shaped cultural assimilation theory explains the process of cultural change within an organization and represents it as a U-shaped curve. According to the research findings, the 10 international students revealed the adaptation process and factors influencing university life adaptation. Based on these factors, potential approaches to facilitate university life adaptation were derived. The results of the study are as follows: Firstly, academic difficulties and academic stress were found to play important roles in the adaptation process of international students. Secondly, in relation to cultural differences, international students demonstrated a sense of distance between Korean culture and their own culture. Thirdly, when faced with difficulties, international students primarily sought help from family and friends, and they also received assistance from friends from the same country. Fifthly, it was confirmed that international students utilized university counseling services. The participants viewed the counseling services as part of their academic life and utilized them to cope with problem-solving and academic challenges. Lastly, the analysis of the adaptation level of international students at Yonsei University revealed that the majority aligned with category 4b according to G. Hofstede's U-shaped cultural assimilation theory. This indicates that international students generally adapt well to Korean university life.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 연세대학교에 재학 중인 외국인 유학생들 대상으로 유학생들의 한국 대학생활에 대한 적응 과정과 적응 요인을 알아보기 위해 진행되었다. 연구 방법은 질적 연구 방법 중 하나인 내러티브 연구 방법을 사용하며 연세대학교 일반대학원에서 재학 중인 외국인 유학생 10명 대상으로 심층 면담을 통해 진행하였다.
본 연구의 통해서 외국인 유학생들의 한국 대학에 적응하는 과정 및 이러한 과정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보았다.
연구 문제는 외국인 유학생들이 한국 대학생활에서 어떤 적응 과정을 거치고 있는지, 또한 이러한 적응 과정에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인지를 파악하는 것이었다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 논문의 구체적 목적은 다음과 같다: 1) 연세대학교 외국인 유학생들의 대학 생활 적응 과정을 파악한다, 2) 외국인 유학생들의 대학 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 환경적 및 내부적 요인으로 나누어 분석한다, 3) 환경적인 요인과 외국인 유학생의 내부적인 요인이 대학생활 적응과 어떤 관계가 있는지 파악한다, 4) 넷째, 대학 생활 적응 요인들을 파악하고 대학생활 적응에 도움이 되는 여러 방안도 함께 제안한다.
본 연구에서는 외국인 유학생들과 1회 인터뷰를 통해 데이터를 2022년 10월부터 2023년 3월까지 수집하였다. 인터뷰를 진행하기 전에 참여자들의 동의서를 받아 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 인터뷰들은 줌(zoom)을 통해서 주로 진행되었으며 인터뷰 진행 방식은 반구조화(semi-structured) 인터뷰 방식으로 연구자의 질문과 참여자의 서술을 통해 참여자의 한국 대학생활에 적응하는 경험과 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보는 것이었다.
인터뷰 진행 후에 면담 내용을 분석하면서 연구자가 추가적인 내용이 필요한 부분이나 의심스러운 부분, 이해하기 어려운 부분에 대해서 다시 알아보았다. 반구조적인(semi-structured) 설문지를 통한 진행된 심층적인 인터뷰 자료를 내러티브 연구 접근 방법을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 또한 수집된 자료를 주제 분석을 (thematic analysis) 하여 나온 결과를 3가지 적응 과정으로 (사회-문화 적응, 학업 적응. 대학환경 적응) 나눠서 연구 결과를 작성하였다.
한편, 외국인 유학생의 대학생활 적응과 관련하여 G. Hofstede 의 U형 문화변용 곡선이론을 적용하여 연구대상자들에 대한 상황을 분석한다. G. Hofstede 의 U형 문화변용 곡선이론은 조직 내에서 문화 변화가 일어나는 과정을 설명하는 이론이며 이 이론은 조직 내의 문화 변화가 일어나는 과정을 U자형 곡선으로 나타낸다.
연구 결과에 따르면, 총 10명의 유학생들은 대학생활 적응과정과 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인이 어떤 것들이 있는지 이런 요인들은 대학생활 적응에 어떻 관계가 있는지를 파악할 수 있었고 이에 근거한 대학생확 적응에 도움을 줄 수 있는 방안을 도출 할 수 있었다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다:
첫째, 학업적인 어려움과 학문적인 스트레스는 외국인 유학생들의 적응 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.
둘째, 문화적인 차이와 관련하여, 외국인 유학생들은 한국 문화와 자신들의 문화 간의 거리를 느끼는 것을 보여주었다.
셋째, 외국인 유학생들이 어려움을 겪었을 때 가장 먼저 가족과 친구들에게 도움을 요청하고, 같은 나라 출신의 친구들로부터 도움을 받는 것으로 나타났다.
다섯째, 본 연구에서는 외국인 유학생들이 대학 상담 서비스를 활용하고 있다는 사실도 확인되었다. 참여자들은 대학 상담 서비스를 학업 생활의 일환으로 여기며, 문제 해결과 학업적 도전에 대처하기 위해 이를 활용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이
여섯째, 연세대학교에서의 외국인 유학생들의 적응도를 분석한 결과로는 G. Hofstede의 U형 문화 변용 곡선 이론에 따른 4b번이 가장 많았다고 나타났다. 이는 외국인 유학생들이 한국 대학 생활에 전반적으로 잘 적응한다는 것을 보여준다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 표 차례 ·····························································································································iii
• 그림 차례 ·························································································································iii
• 국문 요약 ························································································································ ⅴ
• 제1장 서론 ·······················································································································1
• 1.1 연구의 목적과 의의 ·····························································································1
• 1.2 선행연구 정리 ·······································································································3
• 제2장 이론적 배경 ········································································································9
• 2.1 연세대학교 외국인 유학생 현황 및 제도 ·······················································9
• 2.2 외국인 유학생의 대학생활 적응 과정 ···························································11
• 2.3 외국인 유학생의 대학 적응 요인들 ·······························································19
• 2.4 호프스테드의 문화 변용 곡선 ·········································································22
• 제3장 연구방법 ············································································································25
• 3.1 연구도구 및 절차 ·······························································································25
• 3.2 연구 참여자 ·········································································································26
• 3.3 자료 수집 ·············································································································28
• 3.4 연구 분석 방법 ·································································································29
• 제4장 외국인 유학생의 대학생활 적응 경험 분석 ···········································31
• 4.1 외국인 유학생의 대학생활 적응 과정 ···························································31
• 4.1.1 사회-문화 측면 ····························································································32
• 4.1.2 학업 측면 ······································································································36
• 4.1.3 대학환경 측면 ······························································································40
• 4.2 외국인 유학생의 어려움 대처방안 ·································································42
• 4.3 호프스테드의 문화 변용 이론에 의한 적응 분석 ·····································44
• 4.4 분석 결과 ·············································································································54
• 제5장 결론 ····················································································································58
• 5.1 결론 및 시사점 ···································································································58
• 참고문헌 ··························································································································63
• 부록1. 연구 참여 동의서 ·····························································································69
• 부록2. 연구 설문지 ·······································································································70
• ABSTRACT ··················································································································72