Implications of the coordinated Governance to combating child labor through education : a comparative analysis of Brazil and Cambodia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The pervasiveness of child labor in a country cannot be explained by a single factor. It is rather an outcome of a set of intertwined factors that are likely to discourage national development as a whole. Therefore, improving performance of a single sector would not be able to root out child labor in the country. Thus, totality approach, by which means multiple sectors of government go through development concurrently, is what is necessary to create a strong and sustainable momentum to drive child labor out of the country.
Since eliminating child labor through education takes on country-specific context, countries with different cultural, economic, political and social settings have been dealing with the issue in different ways. Cambodia, for instance, has relied heavily on external assistance such as receiving aid from international donors, implementing programs on eliminating child labor that are designed by particular international organizations, and reforming education system in accordance with the suggestions proposed by the international development agencies. Unlikely, Brazil has decided to coordinate the government’s ownership and autonomy on its effort to combat child labor by strengthening the interactions between different levels of the government. While the Brazilian case of reducing child labor through education is widely acknowledged by the international society as a great success, the Cambodian case is often addressed as an example of failure. This study examines the outcomes of the efforts to eliminate child labor through education in the two countries and observes the implications of the degree and form of government’s coordination of ownership to combating child labor.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Table of Contents
• Abstract i
• Table of Contents iii
• List of Figures vi
• List of Acronyms vii
• I. Introduction 1
• 1. Purpose of the Study 1
• 2. Research Question 2
• 3. Definition of Terms 3
• 3.1. Child 3
• 3.2. Child Labor 4
• 4. Research Methodology 7
• II. Background Research 9
• 1. Literature Review 9
• 1.1. Relationship between Child Labor and Economic Circumstance 9
• 1.2. Relationship between Child Labor and Schooling 11
• 2. Case Selection 14
• 3. Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Program 16
• III. Theoretical Framework 19
• IV. Cambodia 21
• 1. The Cambodian Response to Child Labor 21
• 1.1. The Education Strategic Plan (ESP) and Education Sector Support Program (ESSP) 21
• 1.2. Priority Action Program (PAP) 25
• 2. Comprehending Child Labor Trends in Cambodia 28
• 3. Education Trends in Cambodia 32
• V. Brazil 45
• 1. National Response to Child Labor – Efforts to Eliminate Child Labor through Education 45
• 1.1. Bolsa Escola (Education Grant) 45
• 1.2. National Program for the Elimination of Child Labor (PETI) 48
• 2. Comprehending Child Labor Trends in Brazil 49
• 3. Education in Brazil 52
• VI. Analysis of Findings 54
• 1. Analysis of Brazil’s Success Factors 54
• 2. Analysis of Cambodia’s Failure Factors 58
• 3. Comparative Analysis of Brazil and Cambodia 62
• VII. Conclusion 66
• Bibliography 68
• VIII. Abstract in Korean 72