朝鮮朝 陶磁에 關한 硏究 : 粉靑沙器를 中心으로 = (A) study on Porcelains in Yi Dynasty Period : Centering on Puncheong Ceramics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is known that the ceramic arts and crafts of our country are devided into two big eras : Koryo dynasty is called era of "Blue Porcelain" and Yi dynasty is called era of "White Porcelain" because "White Porcelain" is the principal production of that period.
Yi dynasty which succeeded Koryo, because of the environment of the time, could only produce the "Punchong Porcelain". It is only later that the White era came to the surface. So one can say the Punchong played the bridge between the Blue and the White ages of porcelain.
While the Blue Porcelain is decorative, the porcelain of Yi dynasty is popular in its usefulness and the ceramic arts and crafts took forms from the life of common people. The craftsmen of Yi produced the porcelains with genuine technics and their sentiments were expressed so simply and naturally through their arts that their products became the form of ceramic arts of Yi dynasty.
During 15th and 16th Century due to the practice of Confucianism the demand of the Punchong porcelains grew rapidly and it exceeded the supply. So this is the period when the Punchong was most prosperous using various materials available, and appeared as an art form of its own. But the quality because of its mass production left much to be desired. The ceramic arts and crafts passed from the culture of the nobility of Koryo characterized by its subtlety into the culture of common people of Yi dynasty characterized by its simple beauty.
The typical porcelain of Yi dynasty that lasted 500 years, however, remains still the White. In the "Pure White porcelain" regarded as the best by the high society of 15th century, the influence of Myong dynasty of China is clearly visible, but the elegance and the simplicity of Yi dynasty gave a typical art form to the White Porcelain of this period.
Around 15th century Korea and China were the two big porcelain making countries in the world. In "Archives of Sejong" and "Review of Geography", it is said 136 official ceramic factories were spread all over Korea and the number of factories making Punchong porcelain reached to 185. But these factories had suffered misfortune by the Japanese invasion in 1592. Factories were destroyed or stripped off by the invasion, production of porcelains was paralyzed, and Punchong porcelains which had two hundreds years of tradition ceased to be manufactured.
The Japanese invaders loved the porcelains of Korea. So they captured hundreds of Korean ceramists and they took them to Japan with equipments and utensils needed for the porcelain making. This is the beginning of ceramic arts and crafts in Japan. In Japan of 17th century Korean ceramists were producing porcelains, building factories in Kyu Shu Island.
In Korea the interruption of the production of Punchong porcelain is continued by other kinds of porcelains such as "Pure White Porcelain" and "White Porcelain with Blue Pictures". These White porcelains were produced in the local factories of Kwangju county in Kyung Ki Province,
As the decline of Yi dynasty approached, the official factories faced the financial difficulties. In 1883 (19th year of Ko Jong) Government owned factories were transferred to private hands and they made an attempt to import the procelains from Japan, but failed.
Porcelain of Yi dynasty having the characteristics such as simplicity and the gracefulness, the nature of Korean people who love peace and tranquility is well expressed through the porcelains.
Division of ages in the development of Yi dynasty's porcelain is as follows :
- Early period - Golden age of "Punchong Porcelain" (ca.100years) - Mid period - Age of "White Porcelain" (ca. 150 years)
- Later period - Golden age of "White Porcelain with Blue pictures" (ca. 200 years)
- Last period - Decline of "White Porcelian with Blue Pictures" (ca. 50 years)
This study has an objective of proving that the ceramic crafts of Yi dynasty are truly an art and that the Punchong porcelain of early period of Yi dynasty is the production resulting from the creativity and wisdom of Korean people through his craftsmanship. The Punchong procelain of Yi dynasty with its color, pattern and usefulness takes a special place in the history of ceramic arts and crafts of Korea.
This study also examined the general development of porcelains of Yi dynasty, by studying the characteristics, the historical background, the classification of technics, the evolution, the variety of patterns and the factories concerning the "Punchong Porcelain".
As a conclusion, the "Punchong Porclain" is the production of Korean people whose life is simple and humble obeying the law of nature and possessing the natural creativity that originated a new form of Art.
We who received such a great heritage from our ancestors should not imitate what they have done but try to adapt ourselves to our time in order to creat new forms of arts and crafts that should be useful to all of us.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次 = ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 序論 = 1
• Ⅱ. 本論 = 3
• 1. 朝鮮朝 文化의 歷史와 陶藝 = 3
• 2. 朝鮮朝 陶藝의 特性과 藝術性 = 6
• 3. 朝鮮朝 粉靑沙器 = 9
• 1) 歷史的 背景 = 9
• 2) 名稱의 起源 = 10
• 3) 工藝的인 特徵 (陶工들의 氣質, 成形過程, 造形技法) = 13
• 4) 技法(手法)에 의한 分類 = 22
• 5) 製作年代와 銘款의 文字. (사진 36,37) = 24
• 6) 文樣에 관하여 = 28
• ① 文樣의 意義 = 28
• ② 文樣의 特性 = 29
• ③ 文樣의 類型 = 31
• 7) 技術의 變遷過程 = 35
• 8) 黨址에 관하여 = 37
• Ⅲ. 結論 = 42
• 圖版(寫眞) = 45
• 參考文獻 = 58
• SUMMARY = 61