부모의 양육태도, 부적응적 완벽주의 및 심리적 부적응과의 관계에서 수치심과 대처방식의 매개효과 연구 = The Mediating Effects of Shame and Coping Style on the Relationship between Parental Attitudes, Maladaptive Perfectionism and Psychological Maladjustment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study attempted to examine the effect of parental attitudes on perfectionism among college students(M:99, F:179) and to verify the mediating effects of shame and coping style on the relationship between perfectionism and psychological maladjustment. For data analysis. correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were employed. In Model 1, 2, the direct effect of perfectionism on psychological maladjustment was not statistically significant, while the indirect effects of shame and the maladaptive coping style were statistically significant, suggesting complete mediating effects. In comparing these two models the model 2 was determined to be more definitive. Finally, limitations of the present study and directions for future research, as well as the clinical implications of the study’s findings, were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 대학생의 완벽주의에 영향을 미치는 부모의 양육태도를 파악하고 더 나아가 완벽주의가 심리적 부적응에 미치는 영향에 있어서 수치심과 대처방식의 매개효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 위해 대학생 278명(남: 99명, 여: 179명)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구도구는 다차원적 완벽주의 척도, 자의식 척도, 문제초점대처방식 척도, SCL-90-R 척도를 사용하였다. 자료분석을 위해 상관분석 및 공변량구조분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 병렬적 매개모형에서 심리적 부적응에 미치는 완벽주의의 직접효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 수치심과 대처방식의 간접효과가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타나 완전매개모형이 부분매개모형보다 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수치심이 대처방식을 선행하여 심리적 부적응으로 가는 순차적 매개모형의 분석 결과, 심리적 부적응에 미치는 완벽주의의 직접효과 역시 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 수치심이 대처방식을 선행하여 심리적 부적응에 영향을 미치는 간접효과가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타나 완전매개모형이 부분매개모형보다 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 두 개의 매개모형 중 최종모형을 선정하기 위해 비교 분석한 결과, 수치심이 대처방식을 선행하는 매개경로가 더 우수한 모형으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 토대로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점 등을 논의하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김영석, "완벽주의,수치심,우울과의 관계" 서강대학교 대학원 2008

2 정승진, "완벽성 감소를 위한 인지행동 집단상담 프로그램 개발" 연세대학교 1999

3 남기숙, "수치심,죄책감 경험과 대처가 심리증상에 미치는 영향" 서울대학교 대학원 2008

4 송수민, "수치심 경향성과 죄책감 경향성의 비교:심리적 특성과 상황적 변인에 따른 차이" 한양대학교 2007

5 심종은, "수치심 경향성,죄책감 경향성 및 사건귀인이 우울증상에 미치는 영향" 카톨릭대학교 1999

6 하정희, "비합리적 사고와 완벽주의의 기능" 한양대학교 2006

7 김광일, "간이정신진단검사 실시요강" 중앙적성출판부 1984

8 Dickerson,S.S., "When the social self is threatened:Shame,physiology,health" 72 (72): 1191-1216, 2004

9 Halgin,R.P., "Understanding and treating perfectionistic college students" 68 : 222-225, 1989

10 Sorotzkin,B, "Understanding and treating perfectionism in religious adolescents" 35 (35): 87-95, 1998

11 Hook,A., "The relationship of non-disclosure in therapy to shame and depression" 44 : 425-438, 2005

12 Dunkley,D.M., "The relation between perfectionism and distress:Hassles,coping,and perceived social support as mediators and moderators" 47 : 437-453, 2000

13 Burns,D, "The perfectionist's script of self-defeat" 9 : 34-52, 1980

14 Oxlad,M., "The measurement of coping responses validity of the Billings and Moos Coping Checklist" 57 : 477-484, 2004

15 Frost,R.O., "The dimensions of perfectionism" 14 : 449-468, 1990

16 Blatt,S.J, "The destructiveness of perfectionism:Implications for the treatment of depression" 50 : 1003-1020, 1995

17 Loader,P, "Such a shame:A consideration of shame and shaming mechanisms in families" 7 : 44-57, 1998

18 Lewis,M, "Shame:The exposed self" The Free Press 1992

19 Lutwak,N., "Shame,guilt,and identity in men and women:The role of identity orientation and processing style in moral affects" 25 : 1027-1036, 1998

20 Potter-Efron,R.T, "Shame,guilt and alcoholism:Treatment issues in clinical practice" The Haworth Press 1989

21 Jung,H, "Shame as a mediator between parenting and psychological adjustment for Caucasian and Korean students:A structural equation modeling approach" University of Biola 2002

22 Nathanson,D.L, "Shame and pride:Affect,sex,and the birth of the self" Norton & Company 1992

23 Lutwak,N., "Shame and guilt:Characterological vs.behavioral self-blame and their relationship to fear of intimacy" 35 : 909-916, 2003

24 Lewis,H.B, "Shame and guilt in neurosis" International University Press 1971

25 Miller,R., "Shame and guilt in first-episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders" 35 (35): 211-221, 2005

26 Rice,K.G., "Self-esteem as a mediator between perfectionism and depression:A structural equations analysis" 45 : 304-314, 1998

27 Dunkley,D.M., "Self-critical perfectionism,coping,hassles,and current distress:A structural equation modeling approach" 24 (24): 713-730, 2000

28 Preacher,K.J., "SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models" 36 (36): 717-731, 2004

29 Pacht,A.R, "Reflections on perfection" 39 : 386-390, 1984

30 Hamachek,D.E, "Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism" 15 : 27-33, 1978

31 Tangney,J.P., "Proness to shame,proness to guilt,and psychopathology" 103 : 469-478, 1992

32 Heppner,P.P., "Progress in resolving problems:A problem-focused style of coping" 42 : 279-293, 1995

33 Lee,D.G., "Procrastination and coping styles among Korean college students: A validation study and cluster analysis" 2003

34 Heppner,P.P., "Problem-solving appraisal and human adjustment:A review of 20 years of research using the problem solving inventory" 32 (32): 344-428, 2004

35 Kline,R.B, "Principles and practice of structural equation modeling(2nd ed)" Guliford Press 2005

36 Fedewa,B.A., "Positive and negative perfectionism and the shame/guilt distinction:Adaptive and maladaptive characteristics" 38 : 1609-1619, 2005

37 Ashby,J.S., "Perfectionism,shame,and depressive symptoms" 84 : 148-156, 2006

38 Rice,K.G., "Perfectionism,relationships with parents,and self-esteem" 52 : 246-260, 1996

39 Hewitt,P.L., "Perfectionism,coping,and depression symptomatology in a clinical sample" 2 : 47-58, 1995

40 Rice,K.G., "Perfectionism,attachment and adjustment" 47 : 238-250, 2000

41 Saboonchi,F., "Perfectionism,anger,somatic health,and positive affect" 35 : 1585-1599, 2003

42 Hewitt,P.L., "Perfectionism in the self and social contexts:Conception,assessment,and association with psychopathology" 60 : 456-470, 1991

43 Stoeber,J., "Perfectionism in school teachers:Relations with stress appraisals,coping styles,and burnout" 21 (21): 37-53, 2008

44 Flett,G.L., "Perfectionism in children and their parents:A developmental analysis In Perfectionism:Theory,research,and treatment" American Psychological Association 89-132, 2002

45 Tangney,J.P, "Perfectionism and the self-conscious emotions:Shame,proneness to guilt,and psychopathology" 101 : 469-478, 2002

46 Chang,E.C, "Perfectionism and dimensions of psychological well-being in a college student sample:A test of a stress-mediation model" 25 (25): 1001-1022, 2006

47 Dunkley,D.M., "Perfectionism and depressive symptoms 3 years later:Negative social interactions,avoidant coping,and perceived social support as mediators" 47 : 106-115, 2006

48 Hollender,M.H, "Perfectionism" 6 : 94-103, 1965

49 Rice,K.G., "Parental/social influences on perfectionism and adult attachment orientations" 24 : 580-605, 2005

50 Ashby,J.S., "Multidimensional perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive behaviors" 8 : 31-40, 2005

51 Endler,N.S., "Multidimensional assessment of coping:A critical evaluation" 58 : 844-854, 1990

52 Park,H.J, "Mediators of perfectionism and distress in Korea" University of Missouri-Columbia 2005

53 Vieth,A.Z., "Family patterns of perfectionism:An examination of college students and their parents" 72 (72): 49-67, 1999

54 Chang,E.C, "Examining the link between perfectionism and psychological maladjustment:Social problem solving as a buffer" 26 : 581-595, 2002

55 Flett,G.L., "Dimensions of perfectionism,psychosocial adjustment,and social skills" 20 : 143-150, 1996

56 Hewitt,P.L., "Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression" 100 : 98-101, 1991

57 Flett,G.L., "Dimensions of perfectionism and constructive thinking as a coping response" 12 : 163-179, 1994

58 Hewitt,P.L., "Dimensions of perfecionism,daily stress,and depression:A test of the specific vulnerability hypothesis" 102 (102): 58-65, 1993

59 Slaney,R.B., "Conceptions of perfectionism and interpersonal problems.Evaluating groups using the structural summary method for circumplex data" 13 (13): 138-153, 2006

60 Verbeke,W., "A situational analysis on how salespeople experience and cope with shame and embarrassment" 19 (19): 713-741, 2002