부유식 풍력 발전 단지는 현재 성장중인 개발 초기의 사업인 만큼 자료가 부족하고, 그로 인해 부유식 풍력 발전 단지에 대한 공력 해석은 제대로 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 논문은 부유식 ...

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부유식 풍력 발전 단지는 현재 성장중인 개발 초기의 사업인 만큼 자료가 부족하고, 그로 인해 부유식 풍력 발전 단지에 대한 공력 해석은 제대로 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 논문은 부유식 ...
부유식 풍력 발전 단지는 현재 성장중인 개발 초기의 사업인 만큼 자료가 부족하고, 그로 인해 부유식 풍력 발전 단지에 대한 공력 해석은 제대로 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 논문은 부유식 풍력 발전 단지의 6 자유도 운동의 공력 특성과 와류 편향을 분석하여 부유식 풍력 발전 단지의 최적 배치를 수행하였다. 이는 각각 공력해석 모델, 다중 후류 해석, 부유식 풍력 발전 단지 최적 설계로 구성되어 있다. 부유식 풍력 발전기의 6 자유도 운동을 고려하기 위해, 본 논문은 National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL)에서 개발한 FAST 코드를 사용하였다. 정확한 공력 해석을 수행하기 위해서 FAST 에서 사용하던 기존의 공력 해석 모델(BEM, GDW) 대신 비정상 와류 격자 기법(UVLM, Unsteady Vortex Lattice Mehtod)을 사용하여 FAST 의 공력 해석 모델을 대체하였다. 또한, 비정상 유동으로 생기는 왜곡을 보정하기 위해 비선형 와류 보정 기법(NVCM)을 사용하였다. FAST 의 공력 해석 모듈을 교체했으므로, 2MW Tjaereborg 풍력발전기의 실험 데이터를 통해 검증을 수행하였다. 추가적으로 이론적 분석을 통해 실험 데이터가 없던 유입류에서의 추가적인 검증을 수행했다. FAST-UVLM 을 통해서 6-자유도 운동으로 인한 풍력발전기의 출력 변화와 부유식 풍력발전기가 하류의 부유식 풍력발전기의 플랫폼에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로, 부유식 풍력 발전 단지에 적용 가능한 modified-NOJ 모델을 개발하였다. 이 모델을 개발하기 위해 FAST-UVLM 을 통해서 6-자유도 운동으로 인한 풍력발전기의 출력 변화와 부유식 풍력발전기의 후류가 하류의 부유식 풍력발전기에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한, yaw 각도를 고려했을때의 부유식 풍력발전기의 6 자유도 운동과 출력 차이를 확인하였다. 단순화된 후류 모델들인 NOJ 모델 및 GCL 모델은 이상적인 유입류를 가정하여 만들어진 모델이므로, 본 연구에서는 실제적인 유입류를 분석하여 풍력 발전 단지의 출력 계산에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 유입류의 풍향을 웨이블 분포(Weibull distribution)로 재구성하여 적용하였고, 와류 편향 모델을 modified-NOJ 모델에 추가하였다. 부유식 풍력 발전 단지의 최적 배치에 부유식의 동적 특성과 실제적인 유입류가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 최적화의 목적함수로는 연간에너지생산량 (AEP)을 사용했으며, 서로 다른 3 가지 최적 알고리즘을 사용하여 최적화를 수행하였다. 최적화 대상으로는 가상의 풍력 발전 단지를 이용했고, 기존의 NOJ 모델과 Modified-NOJ 모델을 비교하여, 부유식 풍력발전기의 동적 특성을 고려하지 않았을 때 발생하는 최적 배치 위치와 연간에너지생산량의 오차를 비교 분석하였다. 공력해석 및 후류 모델에 대한 와류 편향 분석 결과를 기반으로, 실제적인 유입류를 고려한 최적 배치와 실제적인 유입류를 고려하지 않은 최적 배치를 비교하여, 최적 배치 위치와 연간 에너지 생산량의 오차를 비교 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 부유식의 동적 특성과 실제적인 유입류가 부유식 풍력 발전 단지 최적 배치에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
Floating offshore wind farms are currently in the early stages of development and lack sufficient data, resulting in inadequate aerodynamic analysis. This paper analyzes the aerodynamic characteristics of six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion in float...
Floating offshore wind farms are currently in the early stages of development and lack sufficient data, resulting in inadequate aerodynamic analysis. This paper analyzes the aerodynamic characteristics of six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion in floating offshore wind farms and wake deflection to determine optimal layout of floating wind farm. This study comprises aerodynamic analysis models, multiple wake analyses, and optimal design of floating offshore wind farms.
To account for the 6-DOF motion of floating offshore wind turbines, the FAST code developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was employed. Instead of the conventional aerodynamic analysis models (BEM, GDW) used in FAST, the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) was utilized to replace FAST's aerodynamic analysis model for accurate aerodynamic analysis. Additionally, the Nonlinear Vortex Correction Method (NVCM) was used to correct distortions caused by unsteady flows. The modified aerodynamic analysis module in FAST was validated using experimental data from the 2MW Tjaereborg wind turbine. Further validation was conducted through theoretical analysis in the absence of experimental data for certain inflows.
Using FAST-UVLM, the impact of 6-DOF motion on wind turbine power output and the influence of a floating wind turbine on the downstream floating wind turbine's platform were analyzed. Based on this, a modified NOJ model applicable to floating offshore wind farms was developed.
Simplified wake models such as the NOJ model and the GCL model assume ideal inflows. In this study, the actual inflow was analyzed to assess its impact on wind farm power output calculations. The Weibull distribution was applied to reconstruct and implement the wind direction of the yaw angle. The effect of wake deflection analysis on computational costs was also examined.
The effects of the dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbines and wake deflection on the optimal layout of floating offshore wind farms were analyzed. The objective function for optimization was the Annual Energy Production (AEP), and three different optimization algorithms were used. A hypothetical wind farm was used as the optimization target. Comparisons were made between the traditional NOJ model and the modified NOJ model, analyzing the errors in optimal layout positions and AEP when the dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbines were not considered. Based on the wake deflection analysis results of the aerodynamic and wake models, comparisons were made between the optimal layout considering yaw angle and the optimal layout without considering wake deflection, analyzing the errors in layout positions and AEP. Finally, the impact of the dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbines and inflow wake deflection on the optimal layout of floating offshore wind farms was analyzed.
목차 (Table of Contents)
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