私敎育費가 學生의 學業成績에 미치는 影向 : 서울地域 中學生을 中心으로 = An influence of private expenditure of education on the academic performance of students : focused on middle school students in seoul

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The problem of private expenditure on education in Korea is the inefficient double expenditure for the same contents of education, which affects household economy as well as national economy. Moreover, there is no clear and specific result available in terms of the improvement of the academic performance. Not to mention of the essence of education and destitution of household economy, the exorbitant amount of the private expenditure on education has become an essential requirement in daily life throughout the society.
The reason of the increase in private expenditure on education is that the public education fails to satisfy the demands of students and their parents, so that the private education takes in charge of a large part of the education which is originally meant for the public education. In the questionnaire, 43.0% of the middle school students subjected to this study answered that the private education is not helpful for them. Thus, the biased educational perspective of parents who consider private education important is partly responsible for the increase of the private expenditure on education.
Based on the necessity to examine the private expenditure on education, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the influence of the private expenditure of education for the middle school students on their academic performance, and to provide basic data of the actual private expenditure on education for schools and homes. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the following research tasks are presented. First, the questionnaire is conducted to the middle school students in order to examine their knowledge of their own private expenditure on education and analyze the actual state thereof. Second, variables are examined to investigate how much the middle school students in Seoul know about their private expenditure on education. Third, the influence of the private expenditure of education for the middle school students on their academic performance is examined and analyzed.
The subjects of this study were 300 boys and girls in the 2nd grade of 3 middle schools in Seoul, and they were subjected to a questionnaire and an academic achievement test. Total 300 questionnaires were sent and the returned questionnaires valid for the data process were 298, showing the 98% of the return rate. Subsequently, the researcher of this study classified the data into related variables based on the analysis of home environment, experience in private education and academic performance of students. With SPSS program, frequency analysis, cross analysis, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis were made in order to verify the results.
The major findings of this study are summarized as follows.
First, regarding home environment, the average level of parents' educational background is the high school graduates. The average income of the father ranging from 'above 101 million to below 200 million won' is the most common. Regarding the status of housing, 122 students(40.9%) live in the apartment, and parents of 164 students(56.7%) are home owners.
Second, as for the past experience, 265 students(88.9%) have the previous experience of receiving the private education and 121 students(42.2%) received it when they were 14 - 16 years old up to the 1st grade of the middle school. As for the type of the private education, enrollment at the private institute is shown as the highest. Regarding the current status of private education, the number of students who are currently receiving the private education is higher than that of those who do not. As for the type of the current private education, enrollment at the private institute is shown as the highest which is the identical result of the past experience. The current amount of the private expenditure on education is estimated 276,600 won as the monthly average.
Third, regarding the current experience of private education, the higher the economic status of family is, the higher the amount of private education and its expenditure are. The higher the economic status of family is, the more their children receive the private education that requires high expenditure. Regarding the perception on private education, students consider it as helpful since it affects their university entrance. The lower the economic status of family is, students tend to enroll at the institute that has lower enrollment fee. Thus, there is a correlation between the current experience of private education and home environment. Accordingly, it verifies that the socioeconomic background of family influences the current private education.
Fifth, regarding the private tutoring of the compulsory subjects, math is the most popular subject for students to receive the private tutoring. As it was expected, a large number of students choose math as the first subject to receive the private tutoring, implying its importance for their university entrance in terms of academic achievements perceived by parents. Students who score average or lower in math subject receive the private tutoring for math most frequently. Regarding its reasons, the response is the highest that students like to receive the private tutoring regardless of the private education, which is an unexpected response.
Sixth, the past experience of private education is less influential on the academic performance than the current experience is, so that the existence of the current experience of private education, its type and expenditure are the influential factors of the current academic performance.
Seventh, as it is shown in the issues of SAT, in relation to the academic performance, home environment affects the current private education and the amount of the current private expenditure on education affects the academic performance.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구 문제 = 2
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 3
• 1. 교육비와 사교육비의 개념 = 3
• 2. 사교육비의 지출 실태 = 4
• 3. 학업성취 결정요인 = 5
• 4. 선행연구의 고찰 = 7
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 및 절차 = 10
• 1. 문헌조사 = 10
• 2. 설문조사 = 10
• 3. 주요 변인 = 11
• 4. 연구의 제한점 = 15
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 = 16
• 1. 사교육 = 16
• 2. 성별에 따른 사교육 경험 = 24
• 3. 사교육 유형과 사교육 비용과의 관계 = 25
• 4. 사교육 경험과 성적과의 관계 = 29
• 5. 사교육 유형과 성적과의 관계 = 30
• 6. 사교육 비용과 수학성적의 관계 = 34
• Ⅴ. 결론 = 36
• 1. 요약 = 36
• 2. 결론 = 38
• 3. 제언 = 39
• 참고문헌 = 41
• 부록 1 사교육비가 학생의 학업성적에 미치는 영향 조사 연구를 위한 설문지 = 43
• 부록 2 수학성적 평가 문제 = 47
• ABSTRACT = 53