馬王堆『老子』의 形成과 思想 硏究 = The Study of the formation and notion of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This is the study about the formation and notion of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu excavated in 1973 in China. The outcome of research of Guodian Lao-Tzu excavated in 1993 was completed, and then it entered upon a new phase for the study of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. That is, it helped us pay attention to the composing process of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. This can support the new approach to the following matters which has been difficult up to now in the history of studying Lao-Tzu: who the editor of Lao-Tzu was and when the text of Lao-Tzu was edited. That’s how the study of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu has been newly recognized and re-evaluated.
In this thesis, I will infer the time when the notion of Lao-Tzu was formed and the author of Lao-Tzu by making a study of the formation of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. Studying the notion of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu based on this, I will direct my attention to what the true value of Lao-Tzu is that could be understood in the Chinese philosophical history, absorbed without conflict.
In studying the formation of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu, I’m going to regard the scholars after Chuang-Tzu who wrote the Outer chapters of Chuang-Tzu as the editors who revised and enlarged Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. It is highly likely that the generally known aspects of the author of Lao-Tzu were distorted, which is described in the Outer chapters of Chuang-Tzu. In addition, the phrases of Lao-Tzu from the Outer chapters of Chuang-Tzu are not shown in the author’s expression. In this study, I regard the scholars after Chuang-Tzu as the editors who revised and enlarged Mawangtui Lao-Tzu by inferring the agreement connected with the contents of enlarged edition of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. It could be supported with the reasonable evidences. In case this inference is appropriate, it means that Lao-Tzu was edited later than the Inner chapters of Chuang-Tzu written by Chuang-Tzu. Therefore, it is necessary to have a new discussion on the existing flow of Taoism succeeded from Lao-Tzu to Chuang-Tzu.
In this study I am going to come to a conclusion through the discussion of the formation of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu and then discuss the system of philosophy of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu based on it. Since it is possible to have more specific inference on the author of Lao-Tzu and the period of its editing, we can discuss the Lao-Tzu’s philosophy that can be understood without conflict in the history of Chinese philosophy on the basis of it. In this study I’m going to prove that Mawangtui Lao-Tzu was the political record connected with the art of government that was designed to help marquises and kings to conquer the whole country by discussing the system of thoughts in the Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. And through this discussion it will be shown that the scholars after Chuang-Tzu intended to be in collusion with marquises and kings, holding in check the opposing schools at that time.
This is what I try to discuss through the study of the formation and notion of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. This discussion can be possible by the re-evaluating Mawangtui Lao-Tzu. Although Guodian Lao-Tzu brought the chance ofthe discussion, it is possible to have more specific discussion on the existing matters by the study of Mawangtui Lao-Tzu and have more precise discussion on the original thoughts of Lao-Tzu philosophy. Therefore, Mawangtui Lao-Tzu should be re-evaluated in the study of Lao-Tzu.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• Ⅱ. 장자후학과 노자 6
• 1. 장자후학과 ‘노자’ 6
• 1) 『노자』의 원저자 7
• (1) 노래자·태사담 노자설 8
• (2) 장자후학 가탁설 14
• 2) 노담의 원형사상과 장자후학의 가탁내용 18
• 3) 장자후학의 노담 가탁의도 22
• 2. 장자후학과 『노자』 24
• 1) 출토 『노자』들에 대한 개괄 25
• (1) 마왕퇴한묘백서『노자』 25
• (2) 곽점초묘죽간『노자』 28
• 2) 출토 『노자』들의 상관관계 30
• (1) 마왕퇴『노자』의 증보론 30
• (2) 마왕퇴『노자』의 증보내용 33
• 3) 마왕퇴『노자』의 증보·찬술자 37
• Ⅲ. 마왕퇴『노자』의 사상체계 40
• 1. 마왕퇴『노자』의 주제 40
• 2. 도론; 후왕 통치론의 이론근거 44
• 1) 恒·眞의 宗主: 道 45
• 2) 道의 노자적 존재근거 49
• (1) 도의 본질; 창생·화육의 생명성 49
• (2) 도의 창생·화육 방식; 운동성과 작용성 52
• 3. 덕론과 성인; 후왕 통치론의 매개 54
• 1) 得道의 실천가능성: 德 54
• 2) 明德得道의 방법: 无爲·法地 55
• (1) 天法道 57
• (2) 地法天 58
• (3) 人法地와 无爲 61
• 3) 明德得道의 방해요소 63
• (1) 감각기관을 가진 四肢 64
• (2) 현실적 원인 65
• 4) 明德得道의 조언자: 聖人 71
• (1) 무위의 일 72
• (2) 말 없는 교화 74
• 4. 取天下 통치론; 후왕의 통치론 76
• 1) 取天下 가능자와 그 마음가짐 76
• 2) 천하를 얻기 위한 다스림: 无事 78
• (1) 以正治國 79
• (2) 以奇用兵 85
• 3) 无爲之治의 결과 87
• Ⅳ. 결론 89
• 參考文獻 93
• ABSTRACT 97