한국어에서 담화 정보가 학령 전 아동의 문장 이해에 미치는 영향 = The influence of discourse information on the comprehension of null-subject sentences in Korean children

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The current research explores Korean preschoolers' understanding of null-subject sentences using discourse information. The children listened to 4-sentence stories, while looking at pictures about the stories on a computer screen. In the last (target) sentence of each story, the subject was omitted and the referent of the omitted subject could be inferred from the preceding sentences. Both 5-years-old (Experiment 1) and 4-years-old (Experiment 2) children were likely to interpret omitted subjects as referring to the subject of the preceding sentence. This research is an initial attempt to investigate Korean preschoolers' sensitivity to discourse information when understanding ambiguous sentences in which the subject is omitted. The results will provide a foundation for further studies on the interplay between syntax and discourse in younger children's language comprehension.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국어를 모국어로 습득하는 학령 전 아동이 담화 정보를 이용하여 모호한 문장을 이해할 수 있는 지 여부를 검증하였다. 실험 참가 아동들은 세 문장으로 된 짧은 이야기들을 스피커를 통해 들으면서 이야기의 각 문장에 대한 그림들을 컴퓨터 모니터 상에서 관찰하였다. 각 이야기에서 마지막 문장인 검사 문장은 주어가 생략된 문장이었는데, 그 생략된 주어의 지시체(referent)는 바로 이전 문장의 주어 또는 비주어(관형어, 목적어 또는 부사어)였다. 검사 문장이 제시될 때 컴퓨터 모니터에는 이야기의 각 등장인물이 각기 다른 물체를 가지고 있는 그림이 나타났다. 검사 문장이 끝난 후 실험자는 아동에게 검사 문장의 답이 무엇일 것이라고 생각하는지를 물었고, 아동은 질문에 대해 말로 대답하거나 손가락으로 가리킴으로써 대답할 수 있었다. 실험 1에는 만 5세 아동이, 실험 2에는 만 4세 아동이 참여하였다. 실험 결과, 만 4, 5세 한국 아동들이 생략된 주어가 이전 문장의 주어를 지시하는 것으로 해석하는 경향성을 보였다. 본 연구는 한국어 이해 처리 과정에서 학령 전 아동이 담화 정보를 이용하여 생략된 주어를 이해할 수 있다는 것을 보인 최초의 연구 결과로 좀 더 어린 아동들의 문장 처리 능력 발달 과정에 대한 향후 연구의 경험적 토대를 마련할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

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