In Korea, various systems are implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase green buildings based on the 2013 Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth. The “Energy Saving Design Standards for Buildings” suggests minimum legal standa...
In Korea, various systems are implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase green buildings based on the 2013 Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth. The “Energy Saving Design Standards for Buildings” suggests minimum legal standards for preventing heat loss in buildings. Periodically strengthening these standards to save energy for buildings, it is now required to have insulation of buildings corresponding to the Passive-house level. In addition to these basic insulation performance standards, the “Building Energy Efficiency Rating” certification has been implemented since 2001 for residential use. This is a system that can totally evaluate the building energy performance unlike the evaluation method of each item in the “Energy Saving Design Standards for Buildings” and has been a representative standard for judging the energy performance of new buildings in Korea. From 2020, the zero energy building certification system is mandatory to raise the energy performance level of buildings to zero energy based on the “Energy Efficiency Rating Certification for Buildings and the Rules for Zero Energy Building Certification”. The main focus of the zero energy building certification system is the energy self-sufficiency rate, which is evaluated using the ECO2 program used in the building energy efficiency rating certification system.
Therefore, a case model according to the current school facility design status was selected, focusing on elementary, middle, and high school facilities that are subject to zero energy building certification, and deriving types according to the currently applied heat source systems. It was confirmed how much energy self-sufficiency rate is for each type. In addition, for the types that do not meet the conditions for obtaining certification, a method for meeting the criteria was proposed.
Small-scale school facilities of 1,000㎡ to less than 3,000㎡, which have achieved zero energy building certification, were largely divided into the gym and lunch room and main building for classrooms which are separately extension, and two case models were selected. Accordingly, the results of the energy independence rate and primary energy requirements of each type were analyzed by applying the cooling and heating systems, hot water supply systems, and new and renewable systems mainly used in school facilities.
In both the gym and the lunch room and the main building for classrooms, the type applied with gas was more advantageous to obtain zero energy certification than the combination of electricity and gas for cooling and heating source. In the case of the gym and the lunch room, the energy requirement is higher than the main building for classrooms. In order to meet the minimum standards for zero energy certification, additional consideration was needed for solar installation in addition to the effective area of the roof. When applying a fuel cell with solar panel, the installation area of solar panel compared to other types was reduced, so it was possible to obtain zero energy certification without considering additional area.
In the case of the hot water supply system, the gym and lunch room were found to be advantageous in the order of individual gas heat source, central gas heat source, and individual electric and gas heat sources. In the case of the main building for classroom, it was found that it is advantageous to obtain certification in the order of individual electric heat source, central gas heat source, and central electric heat source.
This study is a result of considering solar power with the goal of acquiring the minimum standard for zero-energy building certification, and it is considered that a detailed study according to various design factors in each field will be needed in the future.