The primary purpose of this study is to conceptualize sports celebrities as independent brand entities rather than as conventional advertising endorsers and to empirically examine the structure of consumer perceptions toward them. In the contemporary ...
The primary purpose of this study is to conceptualize sports celebrities as independent brand entities rather than as conventional advertising endorsers and to empirically examine the structure of consumer perceptions toward them. In the contemporary sport marketing landscape, athletes have evolved beyond their athletic performance to embody multidimensional personal brands shaped by their image, values, authenticity, and social influence. The development of social media platforms has further intensified this process by allowing athletes to engage directly with fans, thereby reinforcing their symbolic brand identity.
Grounded in these dynamics, the study seeks to identify the core dimensions of sports celebrity branding and to examine how these factors influence consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions. Drawing upon prior theoretical models of source credibility, meaning transfer, and brand personality, five key attributes—trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness, authenticity, and social responsibility—were operationalized as components of a sports celebrity’s brand. The study also investigates the moderating role of perceived fit between the celebrity and the product category, as well as the consumer’s perception of the celebrity’s role (as a brand versus as an endorser).
To empirically test the proposed model, six popular Korean sports celebrities—Son Heung-min, Kim Yuna, Faker, Hwang Hee-chan, Lee Jung-hoo, and Kim Yeon-koung—were selected based on a pretest survey. Experimental stimuli were constructed by pairing each celebrity with both congruent and incongruent product categories (e.g., sports goods, fashion, lifestyle items). Over 300 participants evaluated each scenario using a seven-point Likert scale measuring perceived fit, attitude toward the celebrity, attitude toward the product, brand attitude, and purchase intention.
The data were analyzed using reliability tests, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed three key findings. First, perceived fit positively affected attitudes toward both the celebrity and the product. Second, the celebrity’s perceived role significantly influenced purchase intention, with participants demonstrating stronger intentions when the celebrity was perceived as a brand identity rather than as a traditional model. Third, the interaction between perceived fit and role had a significant effect on purchase intention, indicating that perceiving the celebrity as a brand amplified the impact of congruence on consumer behavior.
These findings highlight a paradigmatic shift in celebrity marketing: sports celebrities function as symbolic brand entities capable of conveying values, narratives, and authenticity beyond product endorsement. Theoretically, this study extends existing endorsement and source credibility models by introducing the notion of “celebrity brand conceptualization”, which positions athletes as self-contained brands within the broader framework of sport marketing and branding.
From a managerial perspective, the results provide practical insights for firms and sports organizations to strategically manage athlete branding, emphasizing consistent identity building, authenticity-driven storytelling, and long-term brand alignment. By integrating both theoretical development and empirical evidence, this study offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the evolving relationship between sports celebrities and consumers in the contemporary marketplace.