Proper dendrite development is essential for the establishment of neural circuitry, and Rho GTPases play key roles in regulating dendrite development in neuronal cells. To find novel Rho GTPase regulatory proteins involved in dendrite development, we ...
Proper dendrite development is essential for the establishment of neural circuitry, and Rho GTPases play key roles in regulating dendrite development in neuronal cells. To find novel Rho GTPase regulatory proteins involved in dendrite development, we screened proteins binding to active Rho GTPases from mouse brain lysates. As a result, Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine exchange factor 2, BIG2, was identified as a candidate. BIG2 was highly expressed during early developmental stage and knockdown of the Arfgef2 gene, which encodes BIG2, significantly reduced total dendrite length and the number of dendritic branches. Expression of the constitutively active ADP-ribosylation factor 1, ARF1Q71L, rescued the defective dendrite morphogenesis of Arfgef2-knockdowned neurons, indicating that BIG2 controls dendrite development by activating ARF1. It was also found that BIG2 co-localizes with the Golgi apparatus and is required for Golgi deployment into a major dendrite in cultured hippocampal neurons. Simultaneous overexpression of BIG2 and ARF1 activated RhoA, and treatment of a RhoA activator, LPA, in neurons lacking BIG2 increased the number of cells with dendritic Golgi, suggesting that BIG2 and ARF1 activate RhoA to promote dendritic Golgi polarization. And, mDia1 was identified as a downstream effector of BIG2/ARF1/RhoA axis, mediating Golgi polarization and dendritic morphogenesis. Furthermore, in utero electroporation of Arfgef2 shRNA into mouse embryonic brain proved the in vivo role of BIG2 for Golgi deployment into the apical dendrite. Taken together, this study suggests that BIG2/ARF1/RhoA/mDia1 signaling axis regulates dendritic Golgi polarization and dendrite development in hippocampal neurons.