All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) have emerged as a promising alternative, utilizing non-flammable solid electrolytes and high-capacity lithium metal anodes. Among various solid electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), which ...
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) have emerged as a promising alternative, utilizing non-flammable solid electrolytes and high-capacity lithium metal anodes. Among various solid electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes (CSEs), which combine the high ionic conductivity of inorganic ceramics with the mechanical flexibility of polymers, are considered the most practical solution. However, conventional CSEs incorporating zero-dimensional (0D) particles or one-dimensional (1D) fibers often suffer from filler agglomeration and high interfacial resistance, leading to discontinuous lithium- ion transport pathways and suboptimal electrochemical performance. To overcome these limitations, this study systematically investigates the influence of ceramic filler dimensionality on the electrochemical performance of CSEs. Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) was selected as the ceramic filler due to its high ionic conductivity and stability against lithium metal. Three distinct types of LLZO fillers were synthesized and compared: 0D particles, 1D fibers, and a continuous 3D interconnected network. To ensure intimate interfacial contact and uniform distribution, a poly(vinyl ethylene carbonate) (PVEC) matrix was introduced via a solvent-free in-situ UV polymerization process. This research primarily focuses on demonstrating how the rational structural design of the 3D ceramic network effectively suppresses filler agglomeration and establishes continuous ion- conduction channels compared to discontinuous 0D and 1D counterparts. The structural and electrochemical analyses revealed that the dimensionality of the filler is a critical factor determining the overall performance of the electrolyte. The 3D LLZO-CSE exhibited a superior ionic conductivity of 0.95 mS cm–1 at 30 ℃, significantly higher than that of the 0D- and 1D-based electrolytes. This enhancement is attributed to the continuous ceramic framework, which provides uninterrupted pathways for lithium-ion diffusion. Consequently, the 3D LLZO-CSE achieved a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.67 and a wide electrochemical stability window up to 5.29 V vs. Li/Li+. In Li symmetric cell tests, the 3D LLZO-CSE demonstrated excellent suppression of lithium dendrites, maintaining stable plating/stripping behavior over prolonged cycling. Furthermore, solid-state full cells assembled with a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance. The full cell delivered high discharge capacity and retained 72.1% of its initial capacity after 400 cycles at a current density of 0.5 C. These results confirm that the integration of a 3D interconnected ceramic network with an in-situ polymerized matrix significantly enhances ion transport efficiency and interfacial stability. This study suggests that optimizing filler dimensionality is a vital strategy for developing high-performance CSEs for practical ASSLMBs.