In this study, we analyzed the relationship of nutrition intake conditions with BMI and bone mineral density of university students. T-score was generated with quantitative ultrasound method involving 886 students(male 462, female 424) of Soonchunhya...
In this study, we analyzed the relationship of nutrition intake conditions with BMI and bone mineral density of university students. T-score was generated with quantitative ultrasound method involving 886 students(male 462, female 424) of Soonchunhyang University. Using the Inbody 4.0(Biospace Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea), we measured body fat, height, weight and then calculated BMI(Body Mass Index). The nutritional conditions were estimated through the 24-hour recall method, and the nutrition intake was analyzed with the CAN-Pro3.0(Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for Professionals). Based on WHO standard, the bone mineral density was compared by T-score; T-score≧-1 is Normal group; T-score<-1 is Osteopenia group. Based on Asian standard of WHO, BMI was divided into 3 groups; BMI< 18.5 is UW group; 18.5≦ BMI < 25 is NW group; 25≦BMI is OW group. In the two bone mineral density groups, male students showed the distribution of 89.4% on the Normal group and 10.6% on the Osteopenia group and female students showd the distribution of 96% on the Normal group and 4% on the Osteopenia group. The male students were more in the Osteopenia group(p<0.001).
In the three BMI groups, male students showed the distribution of 2.4% on the UW group, 45.0% on the NW group and 52.6% on the OW group and female students showed the distribution of 10.4% on the UW group, 71.9% on the NW group and 17.7% on the OW group. The female students were more in the UW group, and the male students were more in the OW group(p<0.001).
In result of the multi- regression analysis of the elements affecting on student’s bone mineral density, the higher the BMI and the lower the body fat, the higher the bone mineral density.
In case of the nutrient intake by bone mineral density group, male students had no considerable differences and female students showed considerable differences in vitamin C between the Normal group and the Osteopenia group(p<0.001). and there was no significant differences in other nutrients. In case of nutrient intake by BMI group, male students had no considerable differences, and female students showed considerable differences in the energy, protein, pyridoxin, phosphorus, iron and zinc (p<0.05).
In the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of meal by bone mineral density group, male students had no considerable differences between Normal group and Osteopenia group, but the evaluations of NAR, MAR, INQ was higher in the Normal group, and female students had considerable differences in the intake of vitamin C in the NAR(p<0.001). In the INQ, there were considerable differences in protein(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.001), niacin(p<0.01), zinc(p<0.05). In the qualitative and quantitative evaluation by BMI groups, there was no considerable differences in both of male and female students.
In general, it has been well known that body fat helps enhance bone mineral density, but this study revealed that bone mineral density showed the positive relation with BMI but the negative relation with body fat. Therefore it is considered that on body fat and bone mineral density more studies are needed.