초기 기독교의 예수 그리스도 이해 : 교부들과 4대 공의회를 중심으로 = The Study on the Understanding of Jesus Christ in Early Christianity : Focusing on the Church Fathers and the Four Ecumenical Councils

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explores the understanding of Christ's identity in early Christianity. It seeks to examine perspectives on Christ from the early Christian era, focusing on Christ-centeredness and the essential meaning of identity. The essence of Christianity is Jesus Christ. How does Christianity confess Jesus? This can be discovered in the early church. Jesus is Lord, the Christ, the Son of God, and God Himself. As the church, established by the presence of the Holy Spirit, moved out into the world, they went forth in the name of Jesus. The confession of Jesus Christ that they boldly proclaimed within Jewish society and the polytheistic ideologies of the Greco-Roman world became a driving force, enabling them to move forward despite significant challenges. However, as the church expanded, forces began to emerge that denied the confession of Jesus as the Christ. Movements arose denying the divinity of Jesus or His humanity, causing difficulties for the church. After the apostolic era, it was the Church Fathers who countered these heretical movements and restored the truth of Christianity. The Church Fathers endeavored to protect the truth of Christianity even before its official recognition and, after its legalization, battled heresies within the church. They upheld the fundamental truth of Christianity—Jesus Christ as "true God and true man." The faith of the Church Fathers significantly influenced the Protestant Church. The Reformation can be seen as an effort to restore the church through the faith of the Church Fathers, and their influence is evident in the confessions of faith within Protestantism. The thoughts of the church fathers are also reflected in one of the most vital aspects of Christian faith: prayer and praise. The core of prayer is the truth about Jesus Christ. This truth enables us to pray in the name of Jesus, our Lord and Savior. The thoughts of the Church Fathers were not merely theoretical but emerged from the way they lived their lives. Consequently, they stood against the world with the life of Christ and brought transformation to it. History shows that, during challenging times, the truth about Jesus Christ led to the recovery of life and enabled Christianity to exert its influence on the world. In our time, the direction that Christianity must take is to confess Jesus Christ more firmly as the Life, grounded in sole faith in Him. As the world continues to develop, the church's role on earth is to confess Jesus Christ not only in worship and prayer but also in daily life. This is because the life of Christ flows through the confession of Jesus Christ, becoming an unstoppable stream of life. Furthermore, as true Christians who confess Jesus Christ reveal Him as the true God and true man in this world, the church will manifest the fullness that fills all things. This will lead to a history of fulfillment through the church that cannot be matched by the world.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• A. 연구목적 1
• B. 연구방법 3
• C. 연구사 4
• Ⅱ. 기독교의 정체성 5
• A. 초기 기독교의 신앙 5
• B. 예수의 신성을 나타내는 이름 21
• C. 예수의 사역과 초대 교회 39
• Ⅲ. 초기 기독교 이단들 63
• A. 유대주의 이단들 67
• B. 헬라주의 이단들 79
• C. 초기 기독교의 이단 대처 98
• Ⅳ. 초기 기독교 교부들 106
• A. 사도 교부들 106
• B. 니카이아 공의회 이전 교부들 117
• C. 니카이아 공의회 이후 교부들 130
• Ⅴ. 초기 기독교 공의회 150
• A. 니카이아 공의회와 콘스탄티노플 공의회 153
• B. 에페소 공의회 169
• C. 칼케돈 공의회 179
• Ⅵ. 결론 203
• A. 요약 205
• B. 제언 208
• 참고 문헌 211
• ABSTRACT 230