Polyphenolic compounds are widely available in natural products. Polyphenol compounds are particularly easy to ingest through food, and are contained in vegetables and fruits. In addition, polyphenol compounds exhibit various physiological activities ...
Polyphenolic compounds are widely available in natural products. Polyphenol compounds are particularly easy to ingest through food, and are contained in vegetables and fruits. In addition, polyphenol compounds exhibit various physiological activities and serve as excellent antioxidant. Studies on the structural transformation of polyphenol compounds have been continued, and various oxidized products have been reported mainly by using polyphenol oxidase enzyme and microorganisms. However, structure modification studies using plasma have been limited, and structure modification research using gamma rays has been continued. But, studies on the isolation and identification of the structure modification converted compounds using gamma irradiation and the evaluation of efficacy have been limited.
In this study, structure modification of natural polyphenol compounds phloridzin, (+)-catechin, rutin and rosmarinic acid was confirmed by plasma treatment and gamma irradiation. The anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties of the degraded polyphenol compounds were measured based on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. The structure modified compounds were isolated and purified by reverse phase HPLC and various column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-, 13C, two-dimensional NMR), UV, [α]D and FABMS spectroscopic data. Plasma-induced structural changes in dihydrochalcone phloridzin resulted in the isolation of three new methylene-bridged dihydrochalcone dimers, methylenebisphloridzin(1), deglucosylmethylenebisphloridzin(2) and methylenebisphloretin(3), along with known compound phloretin(4). The new phloretin dimer, mehtylenebisphloreitn(3) exhibited significantly enhanced inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase with IC50 values of 4.2±0.9 μM and 5.2±0.5 μM, respectively. Also, methylenebisphloreitn(3) connected by a methylene linkage exhibited significantly improved anti-adipogenic properties against of 3T3-L1 preadipocyres compared the parent phloridzin. The flavan-3-ol (+)-catechin was treated with plasma to afford two new methylene-bridged flavan-3-ol dimers, compound(5) and compound(6), along with the known compounds, bis 8, 8'-catechinylmethane(7) and bis 6, 8'-catechinylmethane(8). The new flaval-3-ol trimer compound(5) exhibited significantly enhanced inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 1.9±0.1 μM, compared to the parent (+)-catechin.
The dihydroxychalcone glucoside phloirdizn was converted by gamma irradiation into three new degradation products, compound(9), compound(10) and compound(11). The new dihydrobenzofuran derivative, compound(9) exhibited significantly improved inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 40.1±2.5 μM, compared to the parent phloridzin. Then flavonoid glucoside rutin was exposed at 25 kGy of gamma-ray and produced three new hydroxymethylated products radiorutinol(12), isoradiorutinol(13) and radiorutindiol(14) in the C-ring by gamma-irradiation. The new unusual rutin derivative isoradiorutinol(13) exhibited significantly enhanced inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 11.2±0.7 μM, compared to the parent rutin. Radiolytic transformation of the rosmarinic acid with gamma irradiation afforded three new degraded products, rosmarinosin A(15), rosmarinosin B(16) and rosmarinosin C(17), as well as known compound, (S)-orebiusin A(18). The new phenylpropanoid, rosmarinosin B(16), exhibited significantly improved inhibitory effect against tyrosinase with IC50 value of 190.4±1.4 μM. Also, known compound (S)-orebiusin A(18) exhibited significantly improved anti-adipogenic properties against of 3T3-L1 preadipocyres compared the parent rosmarinic acid.
The results of the current study verify that natural polyphenol compounds is transformed into a new modified products, along with known compounds, and the structure of new compounds was elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. The biotransformation of polyphenol compounds by plasma treatment and gamma irradiation may be a valuable and convenient strategy for structural modification and the enhancement of activity. More systematic structure modification will be performed for the further development activity improvement of polyphenol compounds.