한국판 성격조직화 척도(IPO)의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구 = A Validation Study of the Korean Version of the Inventory of Personality Organization

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This report describes the psychometric properties of the primary scales of the Inventory of Personality Organization(IPO; Kernberg & Clarkin, 1995; Clarkin, Foelsch, & Kernberg, 2001), which assess Primitive Defenses, Identity Diffusion, and Impairment of Reality Testing in a nonclinical sample. Participants (N=477) completed the IPO and measures of theoretically related concepts. The results were as follows. First, the three IPO scales displayed adequate internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Second, confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure of the IPO (i.e., Primitive Defense, Identity Diffusion, and Impairment of Reality Testing). Third, each of the three IPO scales was associated with an immature defense mechanism, lack of self-concept clarity, and schizotypy. as well as a negative affect, aggression, anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, and insecure attachment. Finally, differences in psychological and emotional features were observed between a neurotic personality organization group, a borderline personality organization group, and a psychotic personality organization group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the IPO possesses an appreciable reliability and validity.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이현희, "한국판 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도 (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)의 타당화 연구" 한국임상심리학회 22 (22): 935-946, 2003

2 윤선아, "한국판 분열형 성격장애 척도-단축형(Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief: SPQ-B)의 타당화 연구" 한국임상심리학회 29 (29): 491-504, 2010

3 조성호, "한국판 방어유형 질문지 타당화 연구" 11 : 115-137, 1999

4 서수균, "한국판 공격성 질문지의 타당화 연구" 한국임상심리학회 21 (21): 487-501, 2002

5 계은주, "특성불안과 우울수준에 따른 자아방어기제 사용" 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2001

6 전겸구, "통합적 한국판 CES-D 개발" 6 : 59-76, 2001

7 조용래, "정서조절곤란의 평가: 한국판 척도의 심리측정적 속성" 한국임상심리학회 26 (26): 1015-1038, 2007

8 이수현, "자기 복잡성과 자기 개념 명료성이 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향" 서울대학교 대학원 2005

9 김은정, "우울 증상과 대인관계 취약성 : 성인기 애착관계 형성을 중심으로" 17 : 139-153, 1998

10 손승연, "성인애착과 원하지 않는 성관계 응낙의 관계 : 자아존중감과 성적자기주장의 매개효과" 충북대학교 대학원 2011

11 양현정, "대학생활적응에 영향을 미치는 일상적 스트레스와 자아존중감의 상호작용효과 : 자아존중감의 안정성 및 수준을 중심으로" 연세대학교 대학원 2003

12 金正澤, "特性 不安과 社會性과의 關係" 고려대학교 대학원 1978

13 Little, T. D., "Why the items versus parcels controversy needn't be one" 18 : 285-300, 2013

14 Widiger, T. A., "Toward DSM–V and the classification of psychopathology" 126 : 946-963, 2000

15 Little, T. D., "To parcel or not to parcel : Exploring the question, weighing the merits" 9 : 151-173, 2002

16 Saulsman, L. M., "The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature : a meta-analytic review" 23 : 1055-1085, 2004

17 Buss, A., "The aggression questionnaire" 63 : 452-459, 1992

18 Raine, A., "The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria" 17 : 555-564, 1991

19 Raine, A., "The SPQ-B : a brief screeing instrument for schizotypal personality disorder" 9 : 346-355, 1995

20 Diguer, L., "The Personality Organizations Diagnostic Form(PODF)"

21 Gamache, D., "The Personality Organization Diagnostic Form : Development of a revised version" 197 : 368-377, 2009

22 Igarashi, H., "The Inventory of Personality Organization: Its psychometric properties among student and clinical populations in Japan" 8 : 9-, 2009

23 Smits, D. J. M., "The Inventory of Personality Organization-Revised : Construction of an abridged version" 25 : 223-230, 2009

24 Lenzenweger, M. F., "The Inventory of Personality Organization : Psychometric properties, factorial composition, and criterion relations with affect, aggressive dyscontrol, psychosis proneness, and self-domains in a nonclinical sample" 13 : 577-591, 2001

25 Kernberg, O. F., "The Inventory of Personality Organization" The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 1995

26 Clarkin, J. F., "The Inventory of Personality Organization" The Personality Disorders Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Weil College of Medicine of Cornell University 2001

27 Radloff, L. S., "The CES-D Scale : A self-report depression scale for research in the general population" 1 : 385-401, 1977

28 Stern, B. L., "Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO): Preliminary psychometrics in a clinical sample" 92 : 35-44, 2010

29 Clarkin, J. F., "Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO)" Weil Cornell Medical College 2004

30 Bollen, K. A., "Structural equations with latent variables" Wiley 1989

31 West, S. G., "Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications" Sage 56-75, 1995

32 Kernberg, O. F., "Severe personality disorders" Yale University Press 1984

33 Campbell, J. D., "Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlations and cultural boundaries" 70 : 141-156, 1996

34 MacCallum, R. C., "Sample size in factor analysis" 4 : 84-99, 1999

35 Watson, D., "Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders : A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM–V" 114 : 522-536, 2005

36 Comtois, K. A., "Relationship between borderline personality disorder and Axis I diagnosis in severity of depression and anxiety" 60 : 752-758, 1999

37 Nunnally, J. C, "Psychometric theory" McGraw-Hill 1994

38 Berghuis, H., "Psychometric properties and validity of the Dutch Inventory of Personality Organization(IPO-NL)" 73 : 44-60, 2009

39 Zanarini, M. D., "Pathways to the development of borderline personality disorder" 11 : 93-104, 1997

40 Bandalos, D. L., "New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc 269-296, 2001

41 Gratz, K. L., "Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation : Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties of emotion regulation scale" 26 : 41-54, 2004

42 Spielberger, C. D., "Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory" Consulting Psychologist Press, Inc 1970

43 Millon, T., "Major theories of personality disorder" Guilford Press 221-346, 2005

44 Kemberg, O. F., "Major theories of personality disorder" Guilford Press 106-140, 2005

45 Lowyck, B., "Levels of personality functioning and their association with clinical features and interpersonal functioning in patients with personality disorders" 27 : 320-336, 2013

46 Ellison, W. D., "Factor structure of the primary scales of the Inventory of Personality Organization in a nonclinical sample using exploratory structural equation modeling" 24 : 503-517, 2012

47 Krueger, R. F., "Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood : A dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM–V" 114 : 537-550, 2005

48 Lenzenweger, M. F., "Exploring the interface of neurobehaviorally linked personality dimensions and personality organization in borderline personality disorder : the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire and Inventory of Personality Organization" 26 : 902-918, 2012

49 Fornel, C., "Evaluating structural evaluations model with unobservable variables and measurement error" 18 : 39-50, 1981

50 Bond, M., "Empirical study of self-rated defense styles" 40 : 333-338, 1983

51 Buckholdt, K. E., "Emotion regulation as a mediator of the relation between emotion socialization and deliberate self harm" 79 : 482-490, 2009

52 Thompson, R. A., "Emotion regulation : A theme in search of definition" 59 : 25-52, 1994

53 Igarashi, H., "Effects of child abuse history on borderline personality traits, negative life events, and depression : a study among a university student population in Japan" 180 : 120-125, 2010

54 Herr, N. R., "Difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between borderline personality disorder symptom severity and interpersonal problems" 7 : 191-202, 2013

55 Widiger, T. A., "Diagnostic categories or dimensions : A question for DSM–V" 114 : 494-504, 2005

56 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" American Psychiatric Press 2013

57 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" American Psychiatric Press 2000

58 Watson, D., "Development and validation of brief measures of Positive and Negative Affect : The PANAS scales" 54 : 1063-1070, 1988

59 Rosenberg, M., "Conceiving the self" Basic Books 1979

60 Gunderson, J. G., "Competing models of personality disorders" 5 : 60-68, 1991

61 Spitzer, R. L., "Clinical utility of five dimensional systems for personality diagnosis : A"consumer preference"study" 196 : 356-374, 2008

62 Trull, T. J., "Categorical and dimensional models of personality disorder" 1 : 355-380, 2005

63 Arntz, A., "Can personality disorders be changed?" 62 : 8-18, 2006

64 Kernberg, O. F., "Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism" Jason Aronson 1975

65 Fonagy, P., "Attachment and borderline personality disorder" 48 : 1129-1146, 2000

66 Verreault, M., "Assessment of personality organization in couple relationships : factorial structure of the inventory of personality organization and incremental validity over neuroticism" 95 : 85-95, 2014

67 Clarkin, J. F., "An object relations model of borderline pathology" 21 : 474-499, 2007

68 Livesley, W. J., "Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in psychiatric diagnosis" American Psychiatric Association 153-190, 2003

69 Collins, N. L., "Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couple" 58 : 644-663, 1990