It is important to develop novel compounds possessing potent biological activities for medical uses. However, synthesis of these compounds is generally slow, costly, and hindered by complex synthesis pathways. In this context, synthesis of novel radio...
It is important to develop novel compounds possessing potent biological activities for medical uses. However, synthesis of these compounds is generally slow, costly, and hindered by complex synthesis pathways. In this context, synthesis of novel radiopharmaceuticals is also a difficult task. Click chemistry known as Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition between terminal alkynes and azides has been shown to be a simple, regioselective and high yielding reaction for synthesis of various triazole compounds. In this study, therefore, we developed 4-[18F]fluoro-1-butyne, a synthon for click chemistry with azides, and applied it to development of novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, such as glucose, fatty acid, and cRGD peptide analogs.
Radiolabeled glucose analogs are attractive probes for metabolic imaging. However, there are no suitable glucose radiotracers, except [18F]FDG. In this study, a 18F-labeled glucose analog, 4-[(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)]-1H-1,2,3-triazole ([18F]1), was synthesized using click chemistry and evaluated in vitro. In terms of labeling, click chemistry was superior to conventional chemistry, due to a higher decay-corrected radiochemical yield (30% vs. 21%), higher specific activity (59.9 GBq/µmol vs. 23.5 GBq/µmol), and shorter synthesis time (75-80 min vs. 95-100 min). In vitro evaluation demonstrated that [18F]1 does not act as a hexokinase substrate and has low and non-specific uptake by SNU-C5 cells. These results suggest that click chemistry offers a rapid and efficient radiolabeling method which does not require the protection of functional groups, although a triazole moiety at C1 of [18F]1 is incompatible for hexokinase phosphorylation and facilitative diffusion via Glut-1.
Fatty acids are substrates for energy metabolism in myocardium. Therefore, radiolabeled fatty acid analogs are useful for evaluation of fatty acid metabolism in myocardium. In this study, we synthesized 17-[4-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ([18F]6) for the evaluation of fatty acid metabolism. Radiotracer [18F]6 was synthesized in 20-26% decay-corrected yields from 17-azido-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid and 4-[18F]fluoro-1-butyne using click chemistry. The tissue distribution of [18F]6 in mice showed high radioactivity accumulation in heart (3.28 % ID/g at 10 min and 3.01 %ID/g at 60 min post-injection), a prolonged myocardial elimination half-life (> 60 min), and a maximal heart to blood uptake ratio at 5 min post-injection (6.49). Pretreatment with etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) I inhibitor reduced myocardial radioactivity uptake at 30 min post-injection by 53%. Analyses of heart tissue samples showed that most of the radioactivity was present in tissue pellet (62-63%). These results suggest that [18F]6 undergoes metabolic trapping via β-oxidation in myocardium, and thus, suggest that it has potential use as a PET radiotracer for the evaluation of myocardial fatty acid metabolism.
The αvβ3 integrin is expressed on proliferating endothelial cells and tumor cells of various origin. We synthesized a 17-[4-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-1-yl]-5-oxo-9,12,15-trioxa-6-azaheptadecano-E[c(RGDyK)]2 ([18F]22) for minitoring αvβ3 integrin expression on tumor cells. The precursor was synthesized by conjugating 17-azido-5-oxo-9,12,15-trioxa-6-azaheptadecanoyl-NHS ester with E[c(RGDyK)2]. Radiotracer [18F]22 was prepared from 17-azido-RGD dimer and 4-[18F]fluoro-1-butyne using click chemistry and purified by reverse phase HPLC. Decay-corrected radiochemical yield of [18F]22 was 12-16% and total synthesis time including HPLC purification was 70-75 min.