신라 조기 경주지역 목곽묘의 전개와 사로국 내부의 통합과정 = The Development of the Wooden Chamber Burials of the Gyeongju Region and the Internal Consolidation Process of Saro-guk in the Incipient Silla Period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper analyzes the burial grounds of the Incipient Silla period in order to explore how wooden chamber burials developed over time, as well as to examine the developmental process of each burial ground. Based on the results of the study, attempts are made to trace the internal consolidation process of Saro-guk, which was based in the Gyeongju region, around the time at which it developed into the Silla state. The Gyeongju region consists of a central basin zone, through which flows the Hyeongsan River, and four local valley zones formed by the main stream and tributaries of the Hyeongsan River. From the late Proto-Three Kingdoms period to the Incipient Silla period, burial grounds came to be established and maintained in all of the zones; of these, the Wolseong North burial ground was the paramount burial ground. From the end of the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, differentiation between burial grounds began to emerge in terms of the structure of the wooden chamber burial, and this differentiation became more pronounced during the Incipient Silla period. This differentiation involved burial chamber structure, with the type of wooden chamber burial consisting of a main burial chamber and an additional grave goods compartment located in a separate pit (異穴主副槨式) used only at the Wolseong-ro North Burial Ground. In contrast to this, even the higher ranked burials of the other burial grounds consisted only of wooden chamber burials which had the additional grave goods compartment located within the same pit as the main burial chamber (同穴主副槨式) or wooden chamber burials featuring only the main burial chamber, albeit larger in scale. Inter-site variation in terms of the architecture of the wooden burial chamber and the grave goods assemblage could also be observed in the case of some sites.
The wooden chamber burials were divided into five groups according to burial chamber size, and in conjunction with the grave goods assemblage, five ranks were established for the burials. Diachronic change could be observed at the burial grounds, in terms of the rank composition of the burials and the location of the differently sized burials within the burial ground. This can be seen to be associated with the re-organization of the groups that established the respective burial grounds by the central political group of Saro-guk, as represented by the Wolseong North Burial Ground. The majority of the burial grounds witnessed a reduction in burial chamber scale and a sharp decrease in the quantity of grave goods, indicating that this political re-organization was accompanied by a marked decline in the status of the relevant groups. However, in the case of the burial grounds of the south-eastern zone, neighboring the Ulsan region, the opposite was observed. It may be that these specific groups had received the backing of the central political group, either temporarily or for a considerable length of time, according to the strategic needs of this central group.
It can thus be suggested that the developmental process of the wooden chamber burials of the Gyeongju region of the Incipient Silla period well represents the process of internal consolidation of Saro-guk. Differentiation between the Wolseong North burial ground and the other burial grounds, as well as differentiation amongst the latter, which emerged around the dawn of the Incipient Silla period and became more marked over time, can be seen to represent the different types of relationships of control that were established between the central political group and the political groups of each burial ground.

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