교황 프란치스코의‘사목비전’에 대한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

󰡒Go into the whole world and proclaim the gospel to every creature.󰡓(MK 16:15) The Catholic Church that has lasted under this command of Jesus welcomed a new generation ‘3rd millennium-Tertio millennio adveniente’ based on history of the last 2000 years. The Church has repeated rise and fall along with the history of mankind. Now where is the present state of the Church?
It is obvious fact that Church and human history have affected each other with close relations. When considering Church in a broad sense, separation of the Church from the world may be meaningless. Contemporary Church has definitely different value and lifestyle from the world and it works indeed. However, ‘secularization’ of Church has made ambiguous boundary between the world and the Church. On the one hand, it means that destruction of noble value that has been kept and proclaimed by the Church.
In this situation, the Church has continued their efforts in Evangelization to realize the redemption will of Jesus Christ for all creatures and the right function of religion which can be performable in modern society. However, it seems that rapidly changing society culture, science technology, secularism, relativism, mammonism and indifference in spiritual value put the efforts of the Church in the shade. However, history of the Church was always result of a response to the request to overcome the crisis of the times that human faces. Actually, the Church has fallen down by a variety of crises and repeated failures but finally coped with difficulties wisely on all such occasions.
As a result, the Church has been developed with deeper theological understanding and self-examination. Thus, the current status of Church that can be called as ‘crisis’ is a process for development and challenge for an ultimate goal.
The matter is way of solving. The goal and direction of ‘evangelization’ is always clear. It's time to focus on research regarding ‘how’. Numerous studies and efforts have been made and many more are on the way. The foundation is spirit of the ‘Vatican Council Ⅱ’. As a generation is changing into 3rd millennium, a spirit of the Council is ‘reform’ and ‘aggiornamento’ in response to crises the Church is facing. The Church has confirmed its identity as community where all the people and creation live together with the guidance of the Holy spirit, not institutional organization that keeps holiness similar to an impenetrable fortress under the infallibility of magisterium away from the world.
This perspective acknowledges that problem of the Church is not different from that of the world and the Church also can make errors. Further, it opened up the necessity and possibility of active communication in order to recognize common problem and solve it through mutual cooperation between the Church and the world. On the other hand, this historical change has confirmed huge influence of magisterium in Church once again. Pope, the head of Church, exerts his influence on the magisterium, the whole Church and, by extension, on the whole society. Actually, the Council which was started by Pope John XXIII became a big turning point in the Church history of 2000 years. History of the Church testifies the fact that influence of Pope who is nothing more than a private individual in humane perspective is not only the power to protect the Church but can be a weakness that is revealed. The important thing is that influence of Pope is still effective in the world and the Church. moreover, one person's vision can be the vision of the whole Church.

The fact mentioned above focuses on the following three things. The first is a Pope, the figure itself. The Pope performs his duties inherited from apostles as the vicar of Christ. However, all the elements such as environment, personality and thoughts formed through education and pastoral attitude become a vision of the Pope. That vision has an effect on direction of pastorship and selection for challenges that he has to accomplish. Of course, it is an extension of demands of the times and past Pope's visions. It is also a result of the study that Pope, magisterium and the whole Church agonized together. However, we have to pay attention to the fact that an individual figure, Pope plays a key role in it.
The second is ‘Pastoral Vision’ of a Pope. A Pope has his own unique vision. The work of a Pope is largely same, It is partly explained in the framework of papacy. However, Pope's thoughts and interests have certainly influence on setting of direction for future. Therefore, understanding of Pope's vision will be connected with understanding of ‘Pastoral Vision’ that leads Church. In addition, this shared understanding makes the Church exercise its own power as organic community.
The third is collaborative efforts of Church in order to realize a vision. Today, it's been 50 years since the end of the ‘Vatican Council Ⅱ’. We ask ourselves that how staunchly a spirit of vision has been realized. A spirit of the Council is still valid. There is no change on an ultimate direction setting, that is ‘evangelization’. A vision that the Pope Francis who was selected in 2013 declared for ‘3rd millennium’ was confirmation of the Council's spirit and it suggests the way of realization for the vision.
Then, what is the history of the Church in the past 50 years? Was it merely a period of blank in realization of the Council's vision? No. The Church has responded to urgent matters of the day with Pope in the past 50 years. Each Pope exerted strong influence on important matters that is required from the Church and the world with their own vision and underwent trial and error. They also accomplished a lot of growth despite of crisis. These times has formed today's Pope and made the Church prepared for a leap. The Church has tried to realize vision of each Pope of the day. History will judge the outcome.

Based on such an understanding, the current study is to research on ‘Pastoral Vision’ of Pope francis. The current study will be the first step to understand vision of today's Church fully and to internalize to realize it. Usually, study or evaluation about a person can be clear in post evaluation. However, a vision of today's Pope is more urgent request for specific change of the Church members than ever and shown in many fields actively. Thus I assume that study on th Pope Francis should not be delayed any more. A study on vision of Pope-magisterium must be conducted as soon as it is declared and we have to agonize constantly about its realization in life and the Church. Therefore, this study should not be remained in a certain topic but should be conducted continuously in a close relation between preceding research and follow-up study.
However, its limitation is clear as well. There is a limit in time and historical material to follow one's track who is actively achieving a vision now. In addition, it will be meaningless if there is no bond of sympathy for necessity of such a study. Fortunately, these studies are actively conducted in bishops' conference of local Church. However, there is still a limit in delivering such things to individual congregation. With this reason, these efforts should not be delayed to overcome the limitations.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 들어가는 말 1
• Ⅰ. 교황 프란치스코에 대한 이해 5
• 1.1. 생애 6
• 1.1.1. 이민자 가정의 장남 7
• 1.1.2. 예수회 사제로서의 삶 10
• 1.1.3. 주교 수품 이후의 삶 13
• 1.1.4. 교황 선출 이후의 삶 16
• 1.2. 선임 교황들 18
• 1.2.1. 교황 요한 23세 19
• 1.2.2. 교황 바오로 6세 21
• 1.2.3. 교황 요한바오로 2세 22
• 1.2.4. 교황 베네딕토 16세 24
• Ⅱ. 교황 프란치스코의 사목비전 28
• 2.1. ‘사목비전’이라는 용어에 대한 이해 28
• 2.1.1. ‘사목’과 ‘사목직’에 대한 이해 28
• 2.1.2. ‘비전’에 대한 이해 29
• 2.1.3. ‘사목비전’이란 용어의 정의 30
• 2.2. 교황 프란치스코의 사목비전 31
• 2.2.1. 주요 개념들 31
• 2.2.1.1. ‘식별’과 ‘대화’, ‘변방’ 32
• 2.2.1.2. ‘만남’과 ‘일치’ 33
• 2.2.1.3. ‘자비’와 ‘생명’ 34
• 2.2.1.4. ‘기도’ 35
• 2.2.2. 사목비전의 방향성 36
• 2.2.2.1. 제2차 바티칸 공의회 정신의 구현 36
• 2.2.2.2. 예수회의 영성의 실천 39
• 2.2.2.3. 해방신학의 올바른 구현 42
• 2.2.3. 신학과 영성 45
• 2.2.3.1. 교육신학 45
• 2.2.3.2. 문화신학 48
• 2.2.3.3. 생태영성 51
• Ⅲ. 교황 프란치스코 사목비전의 결실 56
• 3.1. 신앙의 빛 56
• 3.1.1. 작성배경 56
• 3.1.2. 구조와 내용 58
• 3.1.3. 의의 60
• 3.2. 복음의 기쁨 61
• 3.2.1. 작성배경 61
• 3.2.1.1. 제13차 세계주교대의원회의 61
• 3.2.1.2. 남미교회의 문헌들 62
• 3.2.1.3. 예수회 영성과 복음 64
• 3.2.2. 작성 목적과 대상 64
• 3.2.3. 구조와 특징 65
• 3.2.4. 내용 67
• 3.2.4.1. 현대사회에 대한 식별 67
• 3.2.4.2. 교회에 대한 비전 69
• 가. 복음화를 위한 교회 69
• 나. 교회 직무와 구조의 쇄신 70
• 다. 열려 있는 현장의 교회 71
• 3.2.4.3. 사목직무에 대한 비전 72
• 가. 선교적 쇄신과 사목적 태도 72
• 나. 식별과 민중 신심 74
• 다. 강론과 교리 교육 76
• 라. 가난한 이들을 위한 가난한 교회 77
• 3.2.5. 의의 79
• 3.3. 자비의 얼굴 81
• 3.3.1. 작성배경 81
• 3.3.2. 구조와 내용 83
• 3.3.3. 의의 85
• 3.4. 찬미받으소서 86
• 3.4.1. 작성배경 86
• 3.4.2. 구조와 특징 89
• 3.4.3. 내용 90
• 3.4.3.1. 현실에 대한 식별 90
• 가. 객관적 성찰 90
• 나. 신앙적 성찰 92
• 다. 근본적 원인에 대한 성찰 92
• 3.4.3.2. 현실 극복을 위한 통합영성비전 93
• 가. 통합 생태론 94
• 나. 접근법과 행동방식 95
• 다. 생태교육과 영성 96
• 3.4.4. 의의 97
• Ⅳ. 교황 프란치스코 사목비전의 한계와 가능성 100
• 4.1. 사목비전의 한계점 100
• 4.1.1. 아르헨티나 교회와 해방신학 101
• 4.1.2. 경제신학적 논점들 103
• 4.1.3. 여성에 관한 문제 106
• 4.1.4. 자비에 대한 편중된 시각 107
• 4.2. 사목비전의 가능성과 의의 107
• 나오는 말 109
• 참 고 문 헌 114