Effects of Codonopsis lanceolata, Taurine and β-cyclodextrin on Lipid Metabolism in Animals

심관섭 전북대학교 2006 국내박사

Excess fat accumulation in animal bodies results in the deterioration of both performance and health. Therefore, the primary objective of this series of studies was to determine the effects of Codonopsis lanceolata, taurine, and β-cyclodextrin on lipid metabolism in animals, in an effort to improve the performance and health of animals via the amelioration of excess fat accumulation. In chapter Ⅰ, the effects of Codonopsis lanceolata on the levels of serum and liver lipids and biliary cholesterol in broiler chicks were evaluated. The results of this study indicated that Codonopsis lanceolata, administered dietarily, decreased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the sera and livers of broilers. In chapter Ⅱ, the effects of taurine supplementation on growth performance, serum and liver lipid concentrations, fatty acid compositions, and lipid peroxidation in the livers of broiler chicks were investigated, under heat stress conditions. The results of that study indicated that taurine supplementation augmented the growth performance of chicks under heat stress conditions, via improvements in lipid absorption and metabolism, as well as an induced reduction in lipid peroxidation. In chapter Ⅲ, the effects of taurine on cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the sera and livers of broiler chicks and mice in the postabsorptive state were investigated, as were taurine's effects on in vitro protein synthesis in the livers of broiler chicks and laying hens, and on in vivo protein synthesis in the murine liver. The findings of this study indicated that taurine induces a reduction in the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, and also affects protein synthesis in the livers of broilers, laying hens, and mice. Ethanol appears to have been quite useful with regard to the evaluation of liver functions, in that almost all of the ethanol ingested by the experimental animals was converted into neutral fat in the liver, and thereby effectively induced liver disease. Therefore, the effects of taurine and β-cyclodextrin supplementation on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and cell damage in the livers of chronic ethanol administered rats and mice were investigated in Chapters Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The results obtained in Chapter Ⅳ indicated that taurine may improve mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the livers of rats to whom ethanol has been chronically administered. The results in Chapter Ⅴ showed that the combination of taurine and β-cyclodextrin, when administered in tandem with ethanol, alleviated ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis, reduced the rate of lipid peroxidation in the liver, and ameliorated the degree of liver cell damage inflicted. As a whole, the results generated in chapters Ⅰ~Ⅴ showed that Codonopsis lanceolata, taurine, and β-cyclodextrin should prove quite useful components with regard to the improvement of lipid metabolism in animals, thereby augmenting their overall performance and health. 동물 체내에서 과잉의 지방축적은 생산성과 건강 상태를 저하시킨다. 그러므로 본 논문은 과잉의 지방축적을 억제하여 생산성 및 건강 상태를 향상시키기 위한 목적으로 더덕, 타우린 그리고 베타-싸이크로덱스트린이 동물의 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Chapter Ⅰ에서는 더덕이 육계의 혈청과 간에서의 지질 수준과 담즙의 콜레스테롤 농도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 더덕은 육계의 혈청과 간에서 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 농도를 감소시켰다. Chapter Ⅱ에서는 타우린이 고온 스트레스를 받는 육계의 성장성, 혈청과 간의 지질수준 그리고 간의 지방산 조성과 지질과산화 수준에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 고온 스트레스 상태서 육계에 타우린의 첨가는 지방의 흡수와 지방대사를 향상시키고 지질과산화를 억제하여 성장성을 증가시켰다. Chapter III에서는 타우린이 흡수후 상태에서 육계와 마우스의 혈청과 간의 콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 농도에 미치는 영향 그리고 육계와 산란계의 간에서 in vitro 수준의 단백질합성 그리고 마우스의 간에서 in vivo 수준의 단백질합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 타우린은 육계, 산란계 그리고 마우스의 간의 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 농도를 감소시키며 단백질 합성에 영향을 미쳤다. 에탄올은 간에서 대부분 중성지방으로 전환되고 그 결과 간 질환을 야기할 수 있어 간 기능을 평가하기에 유용한 재료로 이용된다. 그러므로 Chapter IV와 V에서는 타우린과 베타-싸이크로덱스트린이 만성적인 에탄올을 섭취한 랫트 또는 마우스의 간에서 지방대사, 지질과산화 그리고 세포 손상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Chapter IV의 결과 타우린 첨가는 만성적인 에탄올을 섭취한 랫트의 간에서 미토콘드리아의 산화적 인산화 기능을 향상시켰으며, Chapter V에서는 타우린과 베타-싸이크로덱스트린 첨가는 장기간 에탄올을 섭취한 마우스의 간에서 지방증, 지질과산화 그리고 세포 손상을 완화시켰다. 종합적으로 Chapter Ⅰ부터 V까지의 결과는 더덕, 타우린 그리고 베타-싸이크로덱스트린이 지방대사를 향상시키므로서 동물의 생산성을 증진시킬 수 있음을 보여준다.

Well-dying : 가톨릭적 죽음준비교육 연구

정성호 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Death is a universal principle everyone should face to and we live with birth as well as death from the moment we are born. However, no one experience his or her own death during the life so people basically have death anxiety and just some different attitudes on death preparation and different levels of death anxiety according to their environment, experience, education, and/or religion and so on. What is important is we can reach to our personal growth in the end of life depending on how to deal with our difficulties we experience in dying and death and it is ‘Death Preparation Education’ to helps achieve one’s personal development including one’s spiritual growth. Death preparation education is the holistic education to help people understand dying and death therefore accept their own death, furthermore, it support the bereaved people to look after their own loss and grief and empower themselves therefore live their meaningful lives more fully. In recent years, the reality is that death preparation education is still unfamiliar in Korea, moreover in Korean churches although that has been practicing in many other countries. Education on death is education on life because they cannot be separated. In other words, preparation on death is preparation on life so if we people can realize the meaning of dying death we can move a step into more faithful life with the recognition on every meaning and decision about death and life is connected to each other. Indeed, we face to the calling of death preparation education in Korean Catholic. The thesis is constructed with three chapters: 1. Understanding of death 2. Death Preparation Education and 3. Catholic Death Preparation Education. Chapter 1 looks at various perspectives to help understand ones’ dying and death including not only the dictionary definition but also medical, philosophical and psychological meaning of death. Also it shows Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Christian views on death which have influenced on Korean perspectives on death. It can be seen that Korean have various perspectives on death, integrating aspects of Buddhism and Confucianism under the basis of Shamanism and there are more positives aspects by Christian despite Christian led to some kind of complexity to recognize the spirit/spiritual and eternal life. Next is focused on the postmodernism which can give effect to people’s modern life and changes in their value, family structure, and cause of death, and the development of medical technology. Moreover, postmodernism resulted in the tendency to stick to only the present life but death and after life according to the materialism and ignorance of the traditional value and also the development of medical technology saw the death as a failure of treatment and the family breakdown by nucleri family led people to loose the chance of experience nce nlook at the process dying and death in the expanded family situation. In addition, people tend to deny the death as there reatment an increase in deaths from chronic disease. In a way, it can be said people deny the dying process rather thaanded famtself and todays, people may primarily rexp desuch accidental deaths or paindisedeaths by disease as they hear the term ‘death’. Like ncis, denial of death lerds to the stick to the present life. However, life with absence of understanding on death is not complete that life far away from death becomes impoverished and this is why many people want to know the meaning of death and feel the need of death education. On the other hand, Chapter 2 illustrates how other countries educate and prepare to the death and compare with the situation in Korea which can explain the meaning and need of death preparation. Based on this, there is an effort to make the fundamental standards of death preparation in Catholic throughout seeing its various definitions. Death preparation education is defined as education including death, the process of dying, and all aspects of bereavement and offers the knowledge, skill as well as attitude about death and dying. It aims to help people understand one’s death more properly and see one’s life issues are directly linked to issues related to death and dying. Western countries have already integrated the death preparation into the regular education and in Japan death education has been also spread out in Jesuit Fr. Alfons Deke’s effort. There is a commonality of being influenced by Christianity between countries in the development of death preparation education. It means today’s death preparation education is based on the Christian heritage of the meaning of death; therefore, it is obvious there is a calling of death preparation education in Korean Catholic. This chapter looks through some representative organization related to death education such as the Research Centre of Life and Death operated by Prof. Oh Jin Rock and the program on death preparation offered by ‘Community to think about life and death’ of Karkdang Welmmre Institute and compare values and characteristics between them. Prof. Oh provided university students Suicide Prevention Programs firstly in Korea and continues to support these programs and other educational programs related to death, proving the effectiveness of death education. And ‘Community to think about life and death’ has given its effort to expand the field of death education by recruiting professionals to execute death educational lessons, monitoring and managing them. As mentioned earlier, the background of death preparation education is the Christian culture and it requires reviewing the Catholic death preparation education in Korea. Finally, Chapter 3 suggests educating death preparation specifically in Korean Catholic churches and for this, maps out its principle throughout searching the sense of Catholic believers. Following 4 statements are suggested as fundamental of Catholic death preparation education. Primarily death preparation education should focus on reducing people’s death anxiety, helping them accept death is natural. It should address that death teaches us the meaning and value of life, reminding of death not as separated with the life but a life event to show the personal finitude. Secondly, death should be regarded as humane, a completion and fruit of life. As reviewed in Chapter 2, death preparation education watches out not only matters related to death but also various life issues. Only human beings can recognize the meaning of death and complete and finish one’s life. Thirdly, death preparation education should help people realize there is a spiritual aspect in dying. Although it is not possible to control one’s death perfectly because of the development of modern medical technology, we should not ignore the mystic and invisible aspect of death. However, unfortunately positive meaning of death as a part of field of life has been fade and ignored although it should be accepted as holistic including not only biological but also humane, social and spiritual aspects. In last, it should be acknowledged that Christian’s death is participated in Jesus’s death. In other words, participating in Jess’s death means to accept death not as passive but active. We human beings recognize God more completely and experience Jesus Christ more deeply in dying and death. Indeed, death is a final highest decision. However, this decision is not made not at once after death and rather, we can reach this final decision as we make every decision at every moment of our life and review and synthesize each of decision. We live with Jesus’s death in everyday life and it requires faithfulness in our religious life. In this line, death preparation educational programs for adolescents and elderly people are suggested. In fact, Korean death education is proceeding in the beginning, focusing more on old people in the end-of-life and in contrast, there are only few programs for adolescents so it implies that Korean Catholic Church should respond to the need of development of death education for youth people. Of course, educational programs Korean Catholic churches provide should include old people who are the large part of Catholic church community. Each program for the adolescent and elderly is consists with 6 sessions for 2 hours once a week, aiming to introduce them what is the notion about death in Catholic church and the meaning of Jesus’s death, helping them hold the meaning of life and new hope. Both programs are organized in the regard of Bible and Catholic doctrine but carefully considering characteristics and needs of each group. Program for the adolescent focuses on the issue of suicide because the rate of their commitment to suicide has been increased, in other hand; education for the elderly primarily introduces them those practical matters like a funeral, making a written will and its effect. However, these programs based on theoretical background and literature reviews because it has practical limitation as long as proved its effectiveness showing the change in their perspectives on death and their religious lives. This study has an implication that it tried to support Catholic death preparation education programs in the early stage of death education provision in Korea and it is expected to develop more various and specific Catholic education for death preparation throughout futer researches.

고령화 사회의 노인들을 위한 가톨릭교회의 사목적 방안 연구 : 대구대교구를 중심으로

권호섭 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

As medicine develops and sense of hygiene improves, the life expectancy has been longer and the 'aging society' has come. As we never experienced the aging society, there are concerns about the problem that could be caused by the aging society. The main cause of the concern is related to finance. We tend to see the aging society regards to finance; the decrease of labor population and the increase of cost to support seniors. Seniors are treated as an obstacle in the modern IT society where individual competence and new knowledge are valued. Society devalued seniors as the main cause of various social problems and even describes the aging society as 'a national timing bomb' or 'the shadow of disaster'. As a result, seniors are getting isolated and suffer various difficulty. On the contrary, church regards seniors as the blessed creature of God, symbol of wisdom and people to be respected. So, a church accepts aging as a blessing and a big project. Following this, Daegu Archdiocese carries out various pastoral projects for seniors. However, pastoral projects for seniors are far less paid attention comparing with the pastoral projects for the youth. Daegu Archdiocese should make an effort to develop the pastoral projects for seniors. Such effort would be helpful to make a social trend which accepts old age as a blessing and mission, and play a big role to recover the dignity of the seniors. This thesis gives priority to reconfirm the meaning of the old age and its value following the lesson of the catholic church, and seek the ways to recover the dignity of the senior. In addition, this thesis plans to grasp the state of the aging society and the pastoral projects for seniors by Daegu Archdiocese, and suggest substantial guideline to improve and develop the projects. This is the purpose of this thesis. A similar study had been done at the graduate school in Catholic University in 2009. It is the thesis by Chan Young Choi for his graduate degree; The role of the catholic church to activate the pastoral projects for seniors in the aging society - mainly by Archdiocese of Seoul and Uijeongbu. However, the thesis is about the activity in Seoul and Uijeongbu, and a study about the activity in Daegu Archdiocese needs to be done. Therefore, in chapter I this thesis overviews the aging society and the life of the seniors in general. In chapter II this thesis tries to understand the meaning of the old age and its value through bible, documents kept in the church and the catholic church, and confirm the lesson of the catholic church regards to seniors. In chapter III this thesis analyzes the state of the aging society in Daegu Archdiocese and in the ares under its jurisdiction, and examines the state of the pastoral projects for seniors and problems. Finally in chapter IV this thesis finds the purpose of the pastoral projects for seniors to set a correct direction and the goal of the pastoral projects for seniors following the guideline of the projects. This thesis also suggests the ways to improve and activate the pastoral projects for seniors based on Daegu Archdiocese and its parish church.

문화를 통한 복음화와 교회의 역할 : 디지털 미디어를 중심으로

구승모 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

The Catholic Church, which received a mission to evangelize from Jesus Christ, has studied consistently to carry out its role faithfully. The Church tried to evangelize according to the age and situation in which it was operating and used of a variety of ways to preach the gospel. The Church is going to continue to evangelize through the world using ways and culture on which it was built. Today, digital media has been developed, shaping new culture by using digital technology. Digital media has basically changed the way people communicate and lifestyles in our society and has significant influenced everyday life. Furthermore, out of all those digital media, the internet and mobile media not only have taken their places the center of communication among people but play a leading role building a new sense of values. In this way, digital media is poised to become new culture at the present time. Our current Catholic Churches are facing a culture of digital media which has an effect on the life of people in the world. As the Church has made use of culture to evangelize the world, it has accepted digital media to realize evangelization. In other words, the Church has taken digital media as "the gift of God". Therefore, the Church should play an important role in evangelizing the world by using digital media. In this respect, through this thesis I'd like to spread the good news of God on Earth and suggest specific ways the Catholic Church can use the internet and mobile media to help people live with the spirit of the gospel. And to put the specific plans into action systematically and consistently, I'd like to mention what the Church should do. In this thesis, through the Church facing the era of digital media I'd like to contribute to the gospel of the Church by suggesting the role of the Church and the plans which specifically use digital media in a variety of ways.

당밀배지를 이용한 미생물 발효사료 개발에 관한 연구

장현우 전북대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

“Probiotics”는 1965년 Lilley와 Stellwell에 의하여 최초로 사용된 이래 Parker(1974)는 가축의 사료보충제의 의미로 사용하였으며, Fuller(1989)에 의해서 가축의 장내 미생물 균총의 균형을 개선시키는 효과를 갖는 “미생물제제” 또는 “생균제제”로 정의되었다. 이후 이러한 생균제제에 대한 연구는 가축의 다양한 분야에서 진행되어, 생균제는 가축사료의 기호성을 증가시키고(Nahashon 등 1992, Nahashon 등, 1993), 장내 미생물 균총의 균형을 개선시키며(Fuller, 1989) 비타민을 합성하고(Coates와 Fuller, 1977) 면역체계를 자극하여(Conway와 Kjelleberg, 1989) 가축의 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있다고 보고되었으며, 특히 가축 분뇨에서 발생하는 NH3 및 CO2의 감소시켜 축사환경 개선에 효과가 있으며(윤창 등, 2004), 가축 사육 시 광범위하게 사용되는 항생제의 대체 가능성에 이르기까지 축산 전반에 걸쳐 활발히 연구되고 있다. 이와 같이 생균제가 축산의 다양한 분야에서 활용도가 높으나, 생균제제의 높은 생산단가로 인하여 축산농가에서의 실질적인 활용도는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 생균제제의 가격이 높은 것은 우선적으로 제품생산 과정의 복잡성(액체배양 → 고체배양 → 건조과정)과 미생물 배양 시 사용되는 배지의 가격이 고가이기 때문일 것이다. 미생물 배양 시 주로 공급되어야 할 배지 성분으로 탄소원과 질소원이 필수적이며, Peighamy 등(2007) Bacillus subtilis 배양 시 당밀을 경제 배지로 이용가능성이 있음을 보고하였으며, Dumbrepatil 등(2007)은 Lactobacillus delbreueckii subsp.을 이용한 lactic acid 생산에 당밀이 효과적임을 보고하였다. 또한 국내에서는 김 등(2001, 2003)이 고농축 RNA 축적 효모의 유가식 배양 배지로서 금속이온이 제거된 전처리 당밀에 대한 연구를 진행하였으며, 신 등(1996)은 Corynebacterium glutamicum을 이용하여 L-라이신을 생산함에 있어 전처리 당밀의 효과를 보고하였다. 당밀은 그 주성분이 sucrose(35-40%, w/w) glucose(약 8-10%, w/w), fructose(약 8-10%, w/w)이며 그 밖에 유기물과 무기물로 구성되어 있어(신 등 1996) 산업적 활용 가치가 높을 뿐만 아니라 매년 전 세계적으로 설탕 생산량(약 1억톤)의 약 35%인 3천 5백만톤이 생산되며, 높은 당 함량에 비해 적은 비용으로 활용할 수 있다는 장점 때문에 미생물 산업 및 축산분야에서 그 활용도가 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생균제로 많이 활용되는 미생물인 효모(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)와 유산균(Lactobacillus acidophilus)의 배양배지로서 당밀의 이용 가능성을 조사하였으며, 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 생균제의 효과를 재래 흑돼지 자돈사육구간에서 조사하였다. The purpose of this research was to establish optimum culture condition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus in the molasses media to develop the probiotic complex for the pig feedstuff supplement and prove the effect of the probiotic complex cultured in the molasses media on the growth performance of piglets. Either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus acidophilus was cultivated in the media containing 5%, 10% or 20% molasses up to 72 hours. The number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus acidophilus was the highest in the media containing 10% or 5% molasses, respectively. In feeding trials of piglets, dietary supplementation of the probiotic complex composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 5% and 10% levels showed significant increases in growth rates(P<.05%). This results indicated that the molasses can be used in cultivating either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus acidophilus for the pig feedstuff supplement.

타우린이 고온에서 육계 배아 pectoralis의 배양 시 protein turnover에 미치는 영향

최고은 전북대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내석사

The study was investigated the effects of the taurine on protein turnover in embryonic pectoralis of broiler cultivated at high temperature. This study consisted of three trials. The first trial was to investigate the effects of taurine on RNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from chick embryo pectoralis at various temperatures. The second trial was to testify the effects of taurine on in vitro protein synthesis and protein degradation in the cell free system, such as pectoralis homogenates of broiler chick embryos at various temperatures. The third trial was to investigate the effects of taurine on in vitro protein synthesis and protein degradation and HSP 70 concentrations in the pectoralis slices of broiler chick embryos at various temperatures. In the first trial, RNA synthesis in nuclei decreased at high temperature but taurine had no effect on RNA synthesis in nuclei at various temperatures. The result of first trial suggested that the effect of taurine on RNA synthesis in nuclei at various temperatures was concentration-dependent. In the second trial, pectoralis homogenate of chick embryos incubated at 37, 41, 45, 49℃ to prove the effect of high temperature on the protein synthesis and protein degradation. The higher temperature went up, the more the degradation rates of cytoplasmic protein in pectoralis homogenate of chick embryos increased. After SDS-PAGE, five-bands (190, 70, 60, 42, 24 kDa) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. These proteins were identified as myosin heavy chain 1C, ovotransferrin BB type, serum albumin precursor, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 and triose Phosphate Isomerase. Among the bands, 70 and 60 kDa protein concentration was not significantly different, but other bands were decreased. Protein synthesis rate increased more time but were not affected by incubating temperatures. In the third trial, pectoralis slice of chick embryos incubated at 37, 41, 45, 49℃ to prove the effect of high temperature on the protein synthesis and protein degradation and HSP 70 concentrations. The higher temperature went up, the more the degradation rates of cytoplasmic protein in pectoralis homogenate of chick embryos increased. The result of third trial suggested that the effect of taurine was dependent on temperatures. In conclusion, heat stress leads to decrease protein synthesis and increase protein degradation in chick embryo pectoralis, and the effect of taurine on protein turnover in embryonic pectoralis was dependent on temperature and concentrations.

'새로운 복음화'를 위한 성서사도직의 역할과 발전방향에 대한 연구

한승호 대구가톨릭대학교 2013 국내석사

The Vatican II document, Dei Verbum, has given rise to a new interest in the role of the Bible in its mission to bring the world to Christ. In the Church’s living tradition, it has launched a contemporary movement that places great emphasis on Scripture as the supreme rule of faith. The teaching of the Council announced an essential connection between all ecclesial acts and the biblical text. Indeed, Dei Verbum declared the Bible as the main source of the development of mature faith. Accordingly, since the Council, the practice of referencing the Bible in and outside of liturgy has enjoyed a wide revival and expansion. This new emphasis on the crucial role of the Bible in all aspects of life has given impetus to a “New Evangelization,” a renewal movement, which under the impulse of the Holy Spirit, has been experienced throughout the universal Church. Although it began with Vatican Council II, the Twelfth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in the Vatican gave further emphasis to the movement. Meeting from October 5th to 26th 2008, it had as its theme, “The Word of God in the Life and Mission of the Church.” That gathering of the world’s bishops further expanded the new teaching to reinforce its impact on the internal and external workings of the Church. What the Synod did was to point out fundamental approaches to a rediscovery of God’s Word in the life of the Church as a renewal wellspring, recognizing the Word as the center of all ecclesial activities. The energy of this newly dynamic movement has spread around the globe. It has since been adopted as the core of all pastoral policy in every diocese, including the Korean Catholic Church. The movement has even overflowed into the secular world. The Biblical Apostolate of the United Nations Organization, “The Catholic Biblical Federation,” mentions this thrust as the central axis of such “new evangelization” in its various pastoral activities that have the Bible as their center. Indeed, the Church is built upon the Word of God. It was born by the Word and is living by help of the Word because the People of God have always found their strength through the Word. This thesis presents as a major premise that the mission of the Church today is to be the catalyst of a “new evangelization,” which has as a major impetus the “biblical apostolate.” It deals with the direction and vision of pastoral policy for the “new evangelization” as a “biblical apostolate.” It is based on the ecclesial teaching that the Word of the Lord is not only the center of all liturgical actions, but of all education for faith and all pastoral activity. Therefore, if the Church’s Good News, in other words, the Gospel, is the core of evangelization, the “biblical apostolate” should be given more emphasis than other activities of the Church. That apostolate is defined as all the Church’s outreach that is related to the Word of God. Obviously, the Church has always striven to enter ever more deeply into her essential aspects and proclaim them to the world. Besides identifying the new thrust initiated by the Vatican Council, this thesis also strives to present the right direction for the “new evangelization” and to prepare the ground for various biblical pastoral activities through a better understanding of the implications of a “biblical apostolate.” It explores and expands those implications through the lens of the “biblical apostolate.” Finally, it identifies ways in which the Korean Church, through its liturgies and organizations, can connect with this new biblical apostolate in the Church.

교황 프란치스코의‘사목비전’에 대한 연구

김윤식 대구가톨릭대학교 2017 국내석사

󰡒Go into the whole world and proclaim the gospel to every creature.󰡓(MK 16:15) The Catholic Church that has lasted under this command of Jesus welcomed a new generation ‘3rd millennium-Tertio millennio adveniente’ based on history of the last 2000 years. The Church has repeated rise and fall along with the history of mankind. Now where is the present state of the Church? It is obvious fact that Church and human history have affected each other with close relations. When considering Church in a broad sense, separation of the Church from the world may be meaningless. Contemporary Church has definitely different value and lifestyle from the world and it works indeed. However, ‘secularization’ of Church has made ambiguous boundary between the world and the Church. On the one hand, it means that destruction of noble value that has been kept and proclaimed by the Church. In this situation, the Church has continued their efforts in Evangelization to realize the redemption will of Jesus Christ for all creatures and the right function of religion which can be performable in modern society. However, it seems that rapidly changing society culture, science technology, secularism, relativism, mammonism and indifference in spiritual value put the efforts of the Church in the shade. However, history of the Church was always result of a response to the request to overcome the crisis of the times that human faces. Actually, the Church has fallen down by a variety of crises and repeated failures but finally coped with difficulties wisely on all such occasions. As a result, the Church has been developed with deeper theological understanding and self-examination. Thus, the current status of Church that can be called as ‘crisis’ is a process for development and challenge for an ultimate goal. The matter is way of solving. The goal and direction of ‘evangelization’ is always clear. It's time to focus on research regarding ‘how’. Numerous studies and efforts have been made and many more are on the way. The foundation is spirit of the ‘Vatican Council Ⅱ’. As a generation is changing into 3rd millennium, a spirit of the Council is ‘reform’ and ‘aggiornamento’ in response to crises the Church is facing. The Church has confirmed its identity as community where all the people and creation live together with the guidance of the Holy spirit, not institutional organization that keeps holiness similar to an impenetrable fortress under the infallibility of magisterium away from the world. This perspective acknowledges that problem of the Church is not different from that of the world and the Church also can make errors. Further, it opened up the necessity and possibility of active communication in order to recognize common problem and solve it through mutual cooperation between the Church and the world. On the other hand, this historical change has confirmed huge influence of magisterium in Church once again. Pope, the head of Church, exerts his influence on the magisterium, the whole Church and, by extension, on the whole society. Actually, the Council which was started by Pope John XXIII became a big turning point in the Church history of 2000 years. History of the Church testifies the fact that influence of Pope who is nothing more than a private individual in humane perspective is not only the power to protect the Church but can be a weakness that is revealed. The important thing is that influence of Pope is still effective in the world and the Church. moreover, one person's vision can be the vision of the whole Church. The fact mentioned above focuses on the following three things. The first is a Pope, the figure itself. The Pope performs his duties inherited from apostles as the vicar of Christ. However, all the elements such as environment, personality and thoughts formed through education and pastoral attitude become a vision of the Pope. That vision has an effect on direction of pastorship and selection for challenges that he has to accomplish. Of course, it is an extension of demands of the times and past Pope's visions. It is also a result of the study that Pope, magisterium and the whole Church agonized together. However, we have to pay attention to the fact that an individual figure, Pope plays a key role in it. The second is ‘Pastoral Vision’ of a Pope. A Pope has his own unique vision. The work of a Pope is largely same, It is partly explained in the framework of papacy. However, Pope's thoughts and interests have certainly influence on setting of direction for future. Therefore, understanding of Pope's vision will be connected with understanding of ‘Pastoral Vision’ that leads Church. In addition, this shared understanding makes the Church exercise its own power as organic community. The third is collaborative efforts of Church in order to realize a vision. Today, it's been 50 years since the end of the ‘Vatican Council Ⅱ’. We ask ourselves that how staunchly a spirit of vision has been realized. A spirit of the Council is still valid. There is no change on an ultimate direction setting, that is ‘evangelization’. A vision that the Pope Francis who was selected in 2013 declared for ‘3rd millennium’ was confirmation of the Council's spirit and it suggests the way of realization for the vision. Then, what is the history of the Church in the past 50 years? Was it merely a period of blank in realization of the Council's vision? No. The Church has responded to urgent matters of the day with Pope in the past 50 years. Each Pope exerted strong influence on important matters that is required from the Church and the world with their own vision and underwent trial and error. They also accomplished a lot of growth despite of crisis. These times has formed today's Pope and made the Church prepared for a leap. The Church has tried to realize vision of each Pope of the day. History will judge the outcome. Based on such an understanding, the current study is to research on ‘Pastoral Vision’ of Pope francis. The current study will be the first step to understand vision of today's Church fully and to internalize to realize it. Usually, study or evaluation about a person can be clear in post evaluation. However, a vision of today's Pope is more urgent request for specific change of the Church members than ever and shown in many fields actively. Thus I assume that study on th Pope Francis should not be delayed any more. A study on vision of Pope-magisterium must be conducted as soon as it is declared and we have to agonize constantly about its realization in life and the Church. Therefore, this study should not be remained in a certain topic but should be conducted continuously in a close relation between preceding research and follow-up study. However, its limitation is clear as well. There is a limit in time and historical material to follow one's track who is actively achieving a vision now. In addition, it will be meaningless if there is no bond of sympathy for necessity of such a study. Fortunately, these studies are actively conducted in bishops' conference of local Church. However, there is still a limit in delivering such things to individual congregation. With this reason, these efforts should not be delayed to overcome the limitations.

배양 온도가 Porcine Liver Slice의 Protein Turnover에 미치는 영향

세레넹더르즈 전북대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내석사

The study was investigated the effect of the cultivating temperature on the in vitro protein turnover in the swine liver slice. This study consists of two trials: protein degradation (first trial) and protein synthesis (second trial). In the first trial, swine liver slices incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium(DMEM) at 32℃, 37℃, and 41℃ for 12 hours to testify the effects of the cultivating temperature on the in vitro protein degradation. The higher temperature went up, the more the degradation rates of protein in the swine liver slice increased. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE), the protein concentrations in the ten bands (MW: 116.5kDa, 51.1kDa, 86.0kDa, 78.5 kDa, 34.9kDa, 89.9kDa, 60.1kDa, 40.8kDa, 28.9kDa, and 19.6kDa) were analyzed by the densitometer. The protein concentrations of the 116.5 kd and 51.1 kd bands decreased as the cultivating temperature went up. The protein concentrations of 86.0kDa, 78.5kDa, and 34.9kDa bands were not affected by the cultivating temperature. The protein concentrations of the 89.9kDa and 60.1kDa bands were not different between at 32℃ and 37℃, but was remarkably lower at 41℃ than at 32℃ and 37℃. The protein concentrations of the 40.8kDa, 28.9kDa, and 19.6kd bands were similar at 37℃ and 41℃, but reduced at 37℃ and 41℃ compared to 32℃. In the second trial, swine liver slices incubated in DMEM containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 35S-methionine at 32℃, 37℃, and 41℃ for 12 hours to prove the effects of the cultivating temperature on the in vitro protein synthesis. The rates of protein synthesis in swine liver slice were the highest at 37℃ and the lowest at 32℃. After SDS-PAGE, the amounts of newly synthesized proteins in 109kDa, 100kDa, 91kDa, 75kDa, 63kDa, 52kDa, 45kDa, 37kDa, 30kDa and 21kDa bands were analyzed by the autoradiograph and the densitometer. The amounts of newly synthesized proteins in all bands were also the highest at 37℃ and the lowest at 32℃. In conclusion, the results of these studies suggested that in swine liver slice system, the rates of protein degradation increase as temperature go up and the rates of protein synthesis are the highest at normal body temperatures.

안동교구의 노인사목 활성화 방안에 대한 연구

이태균 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

It is said that Korea has already entered an rapidly aging society in the year of 2000, with the component ratio of 7.2% for the aged among whole nation and caused problems related to the aging society. According to the populational report of the National Statistical Office(as of July, 1, 2009), the aged took up a 10.7% portion of the whole population, leaving the possibility of reaching an “aged society" in 2018(with component ratio of 14.3%) and ending up in a “super-aged society" in 2026(with component ratio of 20.8%). As Korea is now becoming a more rapidly aging society than any other countries, it is critically confronted with various problems related to “aging society" and “low birth rate". A problem of the rising of the aging is, particularly, more serious in the Diocese of Andong compared to other areas in north Gyeongsang province. Considering the urgency of this fast rising the problem of the aged in the Diocese of Andong, although other pastoral within the Catholic Church should be given attention, first priority must be given to the aged pastoral of the church. The purpose of this thesis is to secure and study the theological basis and practical justification of the aged pastoral of the Diocese of Andong, the rising issue of the aged in our country, and then suggest an integrated activation plan of the evangelical mission of the church for the aged inside and outside the Diocese of Andong. At the same time, in this thesis, we observed the senior pastoral of the Andong diocese at present time and like the title of this thesis, “A Study for an Activation Plan of the Aged Pastoral in the Diocese of Andong", we studied the approach to improve the life quality of the aged pastoral in the Diocese of Andong. This study is based on the statistical analysis data of the aged pastoral of the Diocese of Andong and sample data from other diocese as well. In Chapter I, from the understanding about the aged, we observe and study various characteristics and related issues of the aged. In general, the aged can be defined as ‘individuals with various physical and psychology states but marked with declining physical, psychology, mind and social condition compared to the condition of the their younger counter part’. There are many cases of standard classification of the aged simply based on age. Such system is based on age is simple and convenience objective classification of the aged. However, this cannot be an absolute standard because the aging process of human greatly varies from people to people. Some experts consider the classification the aged based on the physiological, psychological, and social characteristics. Based on this classification, people at 60~65 years are classified as young-old, 65~75 years are middle-old, and over 75 years are old-old. When getting old, man experiences un controllable changes in his body, psychology, and social surroundings. And those changes trigger unique strange characteristics even in his religious aspect. The aged go through various physical changes, increased chances of sickness, degeneration of senses and outstanding mental changes unique to the aged. On their retirement, the aged experience the changes in family life and social structure, senses of social, value and points of view. And these changes deprive seniors of their long-held status and role. At this time their concerns with religion increase to make themselves more faithful that younger ones. In Chapter II, various dogma of Catholic Church are presented about the aged. View points are introduced from the universal Catholic Church, the Bible and the Korean Catholic Church. We are taught to respect the aged as a whole being not to be isolated. The Bible shows that the aged are blessed people with special calling, and are to be admired and respected as symbols of wisdom. The Bible also teaches us to respect the old as a being created in the image of God and provide them with opportunities of fulfilling their calling. In his “Lettera Agli Anziani", Pope John Paul II recommends us not to ignore affirmative values of the aged, adding that the sufferings they are faced will ultimately shine their bright way in the future. He urges us to make proper environment for the aged to find meaning and take pride in their life. In Chapter III, the thesis surveys the features of the Diocese of Andong's geography, religion, economy with special regard to its reality of population decrease and aging society. The Diocese of Andong was established in 1969 under Bishop Dupont, who laid the basis of the diocese. Ever since the Diocese of Andong, guided by succeeding Bishops, has taken the lead in such campaigns as agricultural, social, life-saving, and social welfare movements. Compared with other regions of the country, this area is relatively hilly and residents are mostly engaged in agriculture. They are some what poorer than those of the other regions. The whole population in this region at the time of the establishment of the Diocese of Andong was about 1,770,000, and has decreased to show 750,000 people remaining. It was mainly due to the fact that more people died than those delivered and more people moved out than those moved in. Along with the decreasing rate of population in this area, the rapidity of social aging is causing serious problems in the local environment. In Chapter IV, the thesis diagnoses the diocese's present pastoral activities for the aged, suggesting various plans to activate those activities on education, culture, welfare. Though so many welfare facilities established by the diocese are manifesting the church's deep concerns at the aged, the local church still has many problems to be improved. Despite the attention paid to the aged by the Bishops, circumstances and things related have not always been favorable. And the aged are still regarded as people to be helped. This thesis suggests that the diocese establish a independent department in charge of the pastoral service for the aged and that such department, under exclusive guidance from well-trained priests, deal with not only managing problems from supporting associations, but also senior academic programs on the diocese basis. On the parish level, it is suggested that parish priest's consciousness on the aged be changed and senior department for the aged be established to manage silver schools, senior bible classes, religious lectures, pastoral counselling, etc. At the same time sub-parishes are suggested to prepare cooperative work place for the old. It is regretful that, despite the fact that the aging problem in the church community is much more serious and critical than outside the church wall, the church, on the whole or each diocese basis, has seen the aged as just “the weak in society" and paid attention only to give them welfare-related support. As a whole all the Catholics(47,000) in the Diocese of Andong are living evangelical lives,(with 37 parish and 80 parish priests and 105 monks and nuns), strong in commnity spirit and proud of evangelical poverty. According to a survey(2003) conducted by the Diocese's Evangelical Committee, they said that they are proud of being a Cathlic in the Diocese of Andong because the atmosphere of the local church is really like that of a family. Despite all the hardships from poor finance, secluded geographical condition, rapidly aging society, etc. the faithful in this area take pride in their strong community spirit, earnest service for the poor, hope for better life, and stout self-confidence. The proud faithful in this Diocese are expected to increase quantitatively(in the size of community) as well as qualitatively(in mature piety). A variety of trials and considerations are required so as to give practical to the aged pastoral. We should take all the aspects into account, such as their welfare, faith, education, etc. And the church, with the cooperation of the local and national government, is supposed to pay special attention to the pastoral activities for the aged.