정신 역동적 미술치료가 집단 따돌림 피해 아동 어머니의 양육태도와 아동의 적응행동에 미치는 효과 = Effects of psychodynamic art therapy on rearing attitude of the mothers of group-bullied children and adjusting behaviour of the vitimized children

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Supposing that the being group-bullied of children are primarily produced by the maternal rearing attitude, this study was designed to improve both the child-raising attitude of the mothers and the adjusting behaviour of the victimized children by treating the group-bullied children and their mothers together with the psychodynamic art therapy.
The psychodynamic art therapy used in this study was based on the theory of psychodynamic therapy, and its study questions were on whether psychodynamic art therapy indeed affects 1) the rearing attitude, 2) the emotion expression, and 3) the insight level of the mothers of group-bullied children, and especially 4) the victimized behaviour and 5) the behaviour problems of the victimized children.
The subjects of this study were 2 mothers and 2 children victimized by group. This psychodynamic art therapy was performed with a total 30 sessions of each 50 min therapy for the mother and total of 20 sessions of each 45 min therapy for the child. Used for this study, the measuring instruments were as follows: 1) As a pre-test and a post-test, the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) was applied to observe the change of the mother's rearing attitude, 2) the Classifying Ratings of the Emotional Expression and the Insight Level to rate the Emotional Expression and Insight Level of the mother with total protocol of therapy procedures, 3) the Social Experience Questionnaire (SEQ) to measure the level of victimization in the damaged child, and 4) the Kinetic-House Tree Person (K-HTP) and Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD) test to analyze the behaviour problems of the victimized child. 6) the Korea-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) to judge the behaviour problems of the victimized child.
The following results were obtained: 1) The primary occurrence of being victimized of the children is supposed to be originated from the maternal child-rearing attitude. The raising attitude could be changed through the practice of psycho-dynamic art therapy. Prior to this therapy, the mothers had showed aggression/hostility, neglect/indifference, and rejection to their own child. However, posterior to this therapy, all of them have drastically reduced the raising attitude of aggression/hostility, and, changed to be warm and affective to their own children.
2) The mothers of the victimized children have increasingly expressed positive emotion with the progress into the latter half of this therapy, while conversely reduced the negative emotion expression. At the first half, those clients showed their intellectual insight at the level of 1 to 2, whereas their emotion expression insight of the level of 3 to 4 were increased and more deeper with the progress into the latter half. Since self-acceptance and insight of the clients are in general accomplished with extinction of negative emotion, these results mean the present psycho-dynamic art therapy made them to express negative emotion, helped them to accomplish self-acceptance and insight, and became effective to change their rearing attitude.
3) The bullied children showed a significant improvement from the victimized state through this psychodynamic art therapy.
4) Through this psychodynamic art therapy, the bullied children became much less problematic to their emotion and behavior. Prior to the practice of this therapy program, they showed higher level of problematic behaviour containing withdrawal, anxiety/depressed, social immaturity, aggressive behaviour, attention problems, emotional instability and so on, than the normal group did. However, they showed significant the reduction in the problematic behaviour posterior to this therapy.
Therefore, these eventual results indicate that it must be reasonably proper to suppose that the group-bullied children are primarily produced by the maternal rearing attitude of aggression, hostility and rejection. And, through this therapy, the mothers became changed to have positive attitude, and the children also became better in their problematic behaviour. This means that a practice of this maternal therapy has to precede all others for the therapy of the victimized children. Finally, this study needs more systematic works to support these results.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 문제제기 = 1
• 2. 연구문제 = 5
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 8
• 1. 집단 따돌림 = 8
• 2. 부모의 양육태도와 집단 따돌림 = 13
• 3. 정신 역동적 미술치료 = 20
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 29
• 1. 연구 대상 = 29
• 2. 치료목표 = 37
• 3. 치료과정 = 39
• 4. 측정도구 = 43
• 5. 자료처리 = 46
• Ⅳ. 결과 = 48
• 1. 집단 따돌림 피해 아동 어머니의 변화 = 48
• 2. 집단 따돌림 피해 아동의 변화 = 57
• Ⅴ. 논의 = 72
• 1. 집단 따돌림 피해 아동 어머니의 변화 = 72
• 2. 집단 따돌림 피해 아동의 변화 = 77
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 = 84
• 1. 결론 = 84
• 2. 제언 = 85
• 참고문헌 = 87
• Abstract = 96
• 부록 = 99