In our country, many urban problems are occurring due to rapid urbanization. Regional growth and regional vitality are deteriorating in small and medium-sized cities, and people in large cities are moving to suburbs or outskirts due to a decline of ur...
In our country, many urban problems are occurring due to rapid urbanization. Regional growth and regional vitality are deteriorating in small and medium-sized cities, and people in large cities are moving to suburbs or outskirts due to a decline of urban center, which shows the need of ‘urban regeneration’. Thus, urban regeneration projects are being actively performed such as the restoration of the Cheonggyecheon, Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP), Gwanghwamun Plaza construction project, etc.
Examining the urban regeneration cases of developed countries that experienced urban regeneration earlier than our country, it can be found that urban regeneration via urban marketing is the most important success strategy and element. Urban marketing is the means of enhancing city competitiveness making the image of a city a brand, which leads to increase of tourists and improvement of local residents. Therefore, for success urban regeneration, it is necessary to establish an urban marketing strategy and execute it systematically.
The purpose of this study is to select success cases of urban regeneration in foreign countries such as England, France, Germany, Japan, etc., categorize the cases by using various factors, and use the results as the baseline data for establishment of urban regeneration policies needed to overcome the decline of cities in our country. This study selected success cases of urban regeneration in foreign countries based on recommendations of experts and literature research. Targeting selected 70 success cases, essential requirements of urban marketing were examined through preceding research, and seven urban regeneration classification factors and three urban regeneration Success factors were derived through an in-depth interview with urban regeneration experts. With the three success factors including developers, specialized elements, and complex factors, 70 success cases of urban regeneration were categorized.
Developers were divided into a private institution type of development companies and private companies, an active resident participation type of local residents, a public type of governments and cities, and a public-private partnership type of the integration of private and public institutions. Specialized elements were divided into a partial existing use type and a modified existing use type. Complex factors were divided into an Aa+Ab type of the integration of developers and an Am+Bn type of the integration of developers and specialized elements.
As a result of the analysis, regarding developers, participations of public institutions, private institutions, and local residents as well as public-private partnership turned out to be important success factors of urban regeneration. Besides, for specialized elements, existing urban regeneration cases mostly partially used neglected spaces to regenerate cultural facilities. However, as times changed, existing use was needed no more, so regeneration for a new use came to be required. Thus, in order to prevent a decline of urban center caused by the crater phenomenon at urban center, in most cases governments and development companies carried out regeneration businesses to reproduce commercial facilities. In addition, European countries including England, France, and Germany mostly utilized existing buildings such as art galleries, museums, and concert halls to perform cultural regeneration. On the contrary, Japan promoted urban regeneration as redevelopment business utilizing commercial facilities and complex facilities to prevent the crater phenomenon at urban center.
As explained above, although success cases of urban regeneration in foreign countries have various development methods and directions, the common elements are discriminative contents and cultural elements. Therefore, establishing and developing discriminative contents combining cultural elements would be the most important success factor for local urban regeneration.
In the future, when urban regeneration is promoted in our country, it should be needed to include various contents and cultural elements in the urban regeneration plan considering locality, spatiality, and historicity of each region.