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Jeon, Chang?Wook,Kim, Da-Ran,Kwak, Youn-Sig Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd in association 2019 World journal of microbiology biotechnology Vol.35 No.8
<P> Large patch disease, caused by <I>Rhizoctonia solani</I> AG2-2, is the most devastating disease in Zoysiagrass <I>(Zoysia japonica).</I> Current large patch disease control strategies rely primarily upon the use of chemical pesticides. <I>Streptomyces</I> sp. S8 is known to possess exceptional antagonistic properties that could potentially suppress the large patch pathogen found at turfgrass plantations. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using the strain as a biological control mechanism. Sequencing of the S8 strain genome revealed a valinomycin biosynthesis gene cluster. This cluster is composed of the <I>vlm1</I> and <I>vlm2</I> genes, which are known to produce antifungal compounds. In order to verify this finding for the large patch pathogen, a valinomycin biosynthesis knockout mutant was created via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mutant lost antifungal activity against the large patch pathogen. Consequently, it is anticipated that eco-friendly microbial preparations derived from the S8 strain can be utilized to biologically control large patch disease. </P>
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Microbial production of astilbin, a bioactive rhamnosylated flavanonol, from taxifolin
Thuan, Nguyen Huy,Malla, Sailesh,Trung, Nguyen Thanh,Dhakal, Dipesh,Pokhrel, Anaya Raj,Chu, Luan Luong,Sohng, Jae Kyung Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd in association 2017 World journal of microbiology biotechnology Vol.33 No.2
<P>Flavonoids are plant-based polyphenolic biomolecules with a wide range of biological activities. Glycosylated flavonoids have drawn special attention in the industries as it improves solubility, stability, and bioactivity. Herein, we report the production of astilbin (ATN) from taxifolin (TFN) in genetically-engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The exogenously supplied TFN was converted to ATN by 3-O-rhamnosylation utilizing the endogeneous TDP-l-rhamnose in presence of UDP-glycosyltransferase (ArGT3, Gene Bank accession number: At1g30530) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon improving the intracellular TDP-l-rhamnose pool by knocking out the chromosomal glucose phosphate isomerase (pgi) and d-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( zwf) deletion along with the overexpression of rhamnose biosynthetic pathway increases the biotransformation product, ATN with total conversion of similar to 49.5 +/- 1.67% from 100 mu M of taxifolin. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of taxifolin-3-O-rhamnoside on PANC-1 and A-549 cancer cell lines was assessed for establishing ATN as potent antitumor compound.</P>
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Salunke, Bipinchandra K.,Sawant, Shailesh S.,Lee, Sang-Ill,Kim, Beom Soo Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd in association 2016 World journal of microbiology biotechnology Vol.32 No.5
<P>Nanoparticles, the elementary structures of nanotechnology, are important materials for fundamental studies and variety of applications. The different sizes and shapes of these materials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties than their bulk materials. There is a great interest in obtaining well-dispersed, ultrafine, and uniform nanoparticles to delineate and utilize their distinct properties. Nanoparticle synthesis can be achieved through a wide range of materials utilizing a number of methods including physical, chemical, and biological processes with various precursors from liquids and solids. There is a growing need to prepare environmentally friendly nanoparticles that do not produce toxic wastes in their process synthesis protocol. This kind of synthesis can be achieved by green environment benign processes, which happen to be mostly of a biological nature. Microorganisms are one of the most attractive and simple sources for the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles. This review is an attempt to provide the up-to-date information on current status of nanoparticle synthesis by different types of microorganisms such as fungi, yeast, bacteria, cyanobacteria, actinomycete, and algae. The probable biosynthesis mechanism and conditions for size/shape control are described. Various applications of microbially synthesized nanoparticles are summarized. They include antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, larvicidal, medical imaging, biosensor, and catalytic applications. Finally, limitations and future prospects for specific research are discussed.</P>
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Azizi, Aqil,Kim, Wonduck,Lee, Jung Hyun Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd in association 2016 World journal of microbiology biotechnology Vol.32 No.10
<P>Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digesters (MD and TD, respectively) utilizing Gracilaria and marine sediment as the substrate and inoculum, respectively, were compared by analyzing their performances and microbial community changes. During three successive transfers, the average cumulative methane yields in the MD and TD were 222.6 +/- 17.3 mL CH4/g volatile solids (VS) and 246.1 +/- 11 mL CH4/g VS, respectively. The higher hydrolysis rate and acidogenesis in the TD resulted in a several fold greater accumulation of volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) followed by a larger pH drop with a prolonged recovery than in the MD. However, the operational stability between both digesters remained comparable. Pyrosequencing analyses revealed that the MD had more complex microbial diversity indices and microbial community changes than the TD. Interestingly, Methanomassiliicoccales, the seventh methanogen order was the predominant archaeal order in the MD along with bacterial orders of Clostridiales, Bacteriodales, and Synergistales. Meanwhile, Coprothermobacter and Methanobacteriales dominated the bacterial and archaeal community in the TD, respectively. Although the methane yield is comparable, both MD and TD show a different profile of pH, VFA and the microbial communities.</P>
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