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Jang, Jae-Won,Lee, Jung-Kil,Hur, Hyuk,Seo, Bo-Ra,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Soo-Han Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd 2011 Surgical neurology international Vol.2 No.-
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Although the vertebral artery injuries (VAI) associated with cervical spine trauma are usually clinically occult, they may cause fatal ischemic damage to the brain stem and cerebellum.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>We performed a prospective study using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to determine the frequency of VAI associated with cervical spine injuries and investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics. Between January 2005 and August 2007, 99 consecutive patients with cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations were prospectively evaluated for patency of the VA, using the CTA, at the time of injury.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Complete disruption of blood flow through the VA was demonstrated in seven patients with unilateral occlusion (7.1%). There were four men and three women with a mean age of 43 (range, 33-55 years). Unilateral occlusion of the right vertebral artery occurred in four patients and of the left in three. Regarding the cervical injury type, two cases were cervical burst fractures (C6 and C7), two had C4-5 fracture/dislocations, two had a unilateral transverse foraminal fracture, and one had dens type III fracture. All patients presented with good patency of the contralateral VA. None of the patients developed secondary neurological deterioration due to vertebrobasilar ischemia during the follow-up period with a mean duration of 23 months.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>VAI should be suspected in patients with cervical trauma that have cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations or transverse foramen fractures. CTA was useful as a rapid diagnostic method for ruling out VAI after cervical spine trauma.</P>
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The alteration of components in the fermented Hwangryunhaedok-tang and its neuroprotective activity
Yang, Hye Jin,Weon, Jin Bae,Lee, Bohyoung,Ma, Choong Je Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd 2011 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.7 No.27
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Hwangryunhaedok-tang is a traditional herbal prescription that has sedative activity, hypotensive and anti-bacterial effects.</P><P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>In this study, we investigated the alteration of contents of components in Hwangryunhaedok-tang, antioxidant activity and neuroprotective activity by fermentation with <I>Lactobacillus acidophilus</I> KFRI 128.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>Contents of three marker compounds (geniposide, berberine and palmatine) and unknown compounds in the Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HR) and the fermented Hwangryunhaedok-tang (FHR) were measured and compared using the established high-performance liqued chromatograph coupled with a photodiode (HPLC-DAD) method. The antioxidant activity of HR and FHR were determined by DPPH free radical and hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) scavenging assay. Also, the neuroprotective activities of HR and FHR against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) were evaluated by MTT assay.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The contents of geniposide and palmatine were decreased but the content of berberine was increased in the FHR. And the contents of unknown compounds (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in the HR were altered by fermentation. Electron donating activity (EDA, %) value of FHR was higher than HR for DPPH radical scavenging activity and H2O2 scavenging activity, respectively. In the MTT assay, FHR showed more potent neuroprotective activity than HR by 513.90%.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The FHR using microorganism could convert compounds in HR and enhance the antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.</P>
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