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The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer pathobiology
Jung, Y. Y.,Kim, H. M.,Koo, J. S. HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 2016 HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY Vol.31 No.4
<P>The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical in cancer pathobiology. Of the components of the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a major role. Breast cancer is a typical tumor type, forming abundant tumor stroma, and CAFs are involved in various aspects of breast cancer, including carcinogenesis, tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, inflammation, metabolism, therapy resistance, and prognosis. Various factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones secreted from CAFs, paracrine effects promoted by the extracellular matrix (ECM), and mechanical pressure, are involved in cancer development, and there are various crosstalk and signaling pathways among CAFs, cancer cells, epithelial cells, and the ECM. Recent studies have evaluated the potential of CAFs as therapeutic targets in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of CAFs and their clinical implications.</P>
Lee, S.E.,Kim, Y.J.,Kwon, M.J.,Choi, D.I.,Lee, J.,Cho, J.,Seo, S.W.,Kim, S.J.,Shin, Y.K.,Choi, Y.-L. HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 2014 HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY Vol.29 No.1
The amplification of MDM2 and CDK4 is the main molecular feature of well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLS). Although the diagnostic usefulness of this molecular characteristic in liposarcomas has been investigated, its prognostic utility of quantitative gene level has not been explored. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of level of CDK4 amplification in MDM2-amplified WDLS/DDLS. MDM2 amplification in liposarcomas was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The copy number of MDM2 and CDK4 was further determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Among 56 MDM2-amplified liposarcomas, 30 cases were assigned as WDLS, and 26 as DDLS. When liposarcomas were classified by qPCR-determined CDK4 amplification levels, the high-CDK4 group showed significantly poorer progression free survival (P=0.001) and disease specific survival (P=0.033) than the low-CDK4 group. However, MDM2 amplification level did not show prognostic significance. In WDLS/DDLS, the level of CDK4 amplification was useful for prognosis prediction and precise stratification of patients for targeted therapy.