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Choo, H.,Yoon, B.,Lee, W.,Lee, C. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, Ltd ; Elsevie 2017 Geotextiles and geomembranes Vol.45 No.4
<P>This experimental investigation evaluates the compressibility and small strain stiffness of sand reinforced with discrete synthetic fibers. Varying fiber contents (FC), fiber aspect ratios (AR), and void ratios were selected as testing variables in this study, and the modified oedometer tests were conducted to measure the compression index (C-c) and maximum shear modulus (Gmax) of fiber-reinforced sand. The results of this study demonstrate that the Cc of the tested fiber-reinforced sand increases with an increase in FC because the packing of sand grains in the fiber-reinforced sand is very loose due to a disruption of direct contact between the sand grains due to the presence of long discrete fibers. Additionally, this disruption of direct contact between sand grains due to the fibers results in a reduction of interparticle contact and coordination number between sand grains. Therefore, the Gmax of tested fiber-reinforced sand decreases with an increase in FC. Most notably, the Gmax of the tested fiber-reinforced sand with varying FC and AR can be expressed as a single function of the void ratio at a given applied stress, which implies that the inclusion of fibers just alters the packing state of sand grains, and the interparticle contact stiffness is mainly determined by the contacts between sand grains. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Plastic influence functions for calculating J-integral of complex-cracks in pipe
Jeong, J.U.,Choi, J.B.,Kim, M.K.,Huh, N.S.,Kim, Y.J. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 The International journal of pressure vessels and Vol.146 No.-
<P>this study, the plastic influence functions, h(1), for estimates off-integral of a pipe with a complex crack were newly proposed based on the systematic 3-dimensional (3-D) elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analyses by using Ramberg-Osgood (R-O) relation, in which global bending moment, axial tension and internal pressure were considered as loading conditions. Based on the present plastic influence functions, the GE/EPRI-type J-estimation scheme for complex-cracked pipes was suggested, and the results from the proposed pestimation were compared with the FE results using both R-O fit parameters and actual tensile data of SA376 TP304 stainless steel. The comparison results demonstrate that although the proposed scheme provided sensitive J estimations according to fitting ranges of R-O parameters, it showed overall good agreements with the FE results using R-O relation. Thus, the proposed engineering.] prediction method can be utilized to assess instability of a complex crack in pipes for R-O material. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Effect of tempering methods on quality changes of pork loin frozen by cryogenic immersion
Choi, E.J.,Park, H.W.,Chung, Y.B.,Park, S.H.,Kim, J.S.,Chun, H.H. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Meat science Vol.124 No.-
<P>The quality characteristics of pork loin frozen by cryogenic immersion were examined, such as the drip loss, cooking loss, water holding capacity, moisture content, protein solubility, lipid and protein oxidation, color, and microstructure, and compared after different tempering methods: radio frequency (27.12 MHz), water immersion, forced-air convection, and microwave tempering. Forced-air tempering was the most time-consuming process, whereas electromagnetic energy methods (radio frequency and microwave) were the shortest. The tempering rate of radio frequency at 400 W was 5 and 94 times greater than that obtained with water immersion and forced-air tempering, respectively. The drip loss, water holding capacity, moisture content, color, and microstructure of pork samples all declined as a result of microwave tempering. By contrast, the least degree of changes in the drip loss, microstructure, and color of the pork loin samples was obtained with radio frequency tempering, suggesting its potential application in providing rapid defrosting without quality deterioration in the frozen meat industry. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Moon, H.,Kim, N.H.,Kim, S.H.,Kim, Y.,Ryu, J.H.,Rhee, M.S. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Meat science Vol.129 No.-
<P>An effective bactericidal cold-marinating method for beef products is described, exploiting the synergism between soy sauce and natural compounds (carvacrol, CV or thymol, TM) to reduce microbiological risks. Beef slices inoculated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium (3.1-3.5 log CFU/g) were marinated in a teriyaki sauce with or without CV and TM (0.3 and 0.5%). After 1, 3, and 7 days at 4 degrees C, indigenous microflora population, color, lipid oxidation, marinade uptake, and pH of marinated beef and leftover marinade samples were examined. Teriyaki sauce alone did not reduce or inhibit any of the target pathogens or indigenous bacteria, while 0.5% CV- or TM-containing teriyaki sauce inactivated all inocula without recovery within 7 days (p < 0.05). The pathogens relocated from the beef into the leftover marinade (3.0-3.4 log CFU/mL) were also completely inactivated. The treatment inhibited growth of indigenous aerobic bacteria (p < 0.05) and inactivated coliform bacteria. Physicochemical parameters were not significantly affected (p > 0.05). (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Kim, G.D.,Jeong, T.C.,Cho, K.M.,Jeong, J.Y. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Meat science Vol.125 No.-
<P>To identify and quantify the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in porcine and bovine longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles, LC-MS/MS and label-free quantification were conducted. 2a, 2x, 2b and slow isoforms were identified in porcine LT muscle, whereas bovine LT muscle contained 2a, 2x and slow isoforms. The highest peak intensity (4432%) of MHC 2b was observed in porcine LT muscle, whereas the peak intensity of MHC 2a was the highest (71.15%) in bovine LT muscle (p < 0.05). MHC-based fiber compositions for porcine and bovine LT were also the highest in types BB (61.13%) and IIA (61.90%), respectively (p < 0.05). Spectral count and peak intensity had positive correlations with MHC-based fiber composition (p < 0.01), however the spectral count and peak intensity of total peptides were not acceptable for MHC quantification because of the limited reliability of the protein and common peptide, respectively. Therefore, the peak intensity of unique peptides would be the most acceptable trait for WHC quantification. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Blunt defect assessment in the framework of the failure assessment diagram
Han, J.J.,Larrosa, N.,Kima, Y.J.,Ainsworth, R.A. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 The International journal of pressure vessels and Vol.146 No.-
<P>In order to reduce over-conservatism in fitness-for-service assessment procedures, experimental evidence and recent analytical developments recognise the importance of considering the actual shape of non-sharp flaws and/or the real geometric constraint conditions at the crack tip. This paper addresses the effect of blunt defects on the structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and pipeline steels. Parametric studies for compact tension specimens with various notch root radii are performed using finite element analysis. The notch fracture toughness, the resistance to the onset of ductile cracking and the J-integral, quantifying the notch driving force, are evaluated. A stress-modified fracture strain model is used as a virtual testing method. The results are analyzed in the framework of the failure assessment diagram (FAD), showing that the existing shape of the FAD is also suitable for assessments of blunt defects and how the concepts introduced can be used to reduce the conservatism in defect assessment, define margins on failure and indicate when plastic collapse is the dominant failure mechanism. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Extracting ductile fracture toughness from small punch test data using numerical modeling
Jeon, J.Y.,Kim, Y.J.,Lee, S.Y.,Kim, J.W. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 The International journal of pressure vessels and Vol.139 No.-
<P>This paper presents a numerical method to extract ductile fracture toughness from notched small punch test data using FE ductile damage analysis based on the stress-modified fracture strain model. To validate the proposed method, analysis results are compared with series of mechanical (notched tensile, fracture toughness and small punch) test data for three different materials; low alloy steel SA508 Gr.3, TP316L austenitic stainless steel and CF8M cast austenitic stainless steel. Comparison with experimental fracture toughness data shows that the proposed method can predict fracture initiation values relatively well and tearing resistance conservatively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Lee, S.D.,Lee, H.S.,Kim, Y.J.,Ainsworth, R.A.,Dean, D.W. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 The International journal of pressure vessels and Vol.146 No.-
<P>This technical note presents the effect of elastic-plastic properties on calculated time-dependent C(t) and J(t) values. This is investigated via systematic elastic-plastic-creep finite element (FE) analysis. Three different stress-strain curves are used, having essentially the same plastic properties at large strains but different tensile data near the 0.2% proof (yield) strength. It is found that the plastic property in stress-strain curve affects the FE C(t) values only at short times (within approximately 20% of the redistribution time). The plastic property affects the initial J values at time t = 0 but not the rate of change of J(t) with time. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Song, T.K.,Kim, Y.J.,Oh, C.K.,Jin, T.E.,Kim, J.S. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 The International journal of pressure vessels and Vol.86 No.8
This paper firstly presents net-section limit moments for circumferential through-wall and part-through surface cracks at the interface between elbows and attached straight pipes under in-plane bending. Closed-form solutions are proposed based on fitting results from small strain FE limit analyses using elastic-perfectly plastic materials. Net-section limit moments for circumferential cracks at the interface between elbows and attached straight pipes are found to be close to those for cracks in the centre of elbows, implying that the location of the circumferential crack within an elbow has a minimal effect on the net-section limit moment. Accordingly it is also found that the assumption that the crack locates in a straight pipe could significantly overestimate the net-section limit load (and thus maximum load-carrying capacity) of the cracked component. Based on the proposed net-section limit moment, a method to estimate elastic-plastic J based on the reference stress approach is proposed for circumferential cracks at the interface between elbows and attached straight pipes under in-plane bending.
Effect of reinforcement on plastic limit loads of branch junctions
Kim, Y.J.,Myeong, M.S.,Yoon, K.B. Applied Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 The International journal of pressure vessels and Vol.86 No.8
This paper provides effects of reinforcement shape and area on plastic limit loads of branch junctions under internal pressure and in-plane/out-of-plane bending, via detailed three-dimensional finite element limit analysis assuming elastic-perfectly plastic material behaviour. It is found that reinforcement is most effective when (in-plane/out-of-plane) bending is applied to the branch pipe. When bending is applied to the run pipe, reinforcement is less effective when bending is applied to the branch pipe. The reinforcement effect is the least effective for internal pressure.