A Survey on Cut Flower Cultivar Trends and Horticultural Status of Lilies (Lilium Hybrids) in South Korea

Kang, Yun-Im,Joung, Hyang Young,Goo, Dae Hoe,Choi, Youn Jung,Choi, Mok Pil,An, Hye Ryun,Ko, Jae-Young,Choi, Kang-Joon,Lee, Ki Hwan,Hong, Kye Wan American Society for Horticultural Science 2013 HortTechnology Vol.23 No.5

<P>This study investigated trends in lily (<I>Lilium</I> hybrids) cultivars and challenges for growing cut lily flowers using a survey of producers in the South Korean lily industry. A questionnaire requested information on various topics including the total growing area, length of farming experience, cultivars grown, factors considered when purchasing bulbs, cultivation systems, horticultural practices, disease and pest problems, and horticultural problems. The survey targeted the membership of the Korea Lily Producer Association and the number of respondents corresponded to 43% of all lily farmers in the country. Oriental-Trumpet (OT) hybrid ‘Yelloween’ and Oriental hybrids ‘Siberia’, ‘Medusa’, and ‘Sorbonne’ were mainly cultivated in South Korea. The main flower colors were yellow, white, and pink. Factors considered in choosing cultivars were the prices of bulbs and cut flowers affecting income of the farm. More than 90% of respondents used soil culture in a greenhouse to grow cut flowers. There were various horticultural practices used from planting to harvest. The main pests harming bulb and flower productivity were fungus gnat (<I>Bradysia difformis</I>) and bulb mite (<I>Rhizoglyphus robini</I>), and the most common horticultural problem was leaf scorch. Overall, the survey suggested that the stable production of lily bulb with low cost and high quality was required and practical techniques should be developed for increasing the cut lily production efficiency. In addition, the pests, diseases, and horticultural problems in the given local environmental conditions should be considered when breeding new cultivars and developing production technology.</P>

‘Hongju’: A Seedless Table Grape Cultivar

Roh, Jeong Ho,Hur, Youn Young,Jung, Sung Min,Park, Kyo Sun,Yun, Hae Keun,Nam, Jong Chul,Hwang, Hae Sung,Im, Dong Jun,Chung, Kyong Ho American Society for Horticultural Science 2018 HortScience Vol.53 No.12

Apple ‘Seohong’ with High Level of Flavonoids

Hwang, Jeong Hwan,Shin, Yong Uk,Kim, Daeil,Heo, Seong,Hong, Seong Sig American Society for Horticultural Science 2009 HortScience Vol.44 No.3

Production of New Allotetraploid and Autotetraploid Citrus Breeding Parents: Focus on Zipperskin Mandarins

Grosser, Jude W.,An, Hyun Joo,Calovic, Milica,Lee, Dong H.,Chen, Chunxian,Vasconcellos, Monica,Gmitter, Frederick G. American Society for Horticultural Science 2010 HortScience Vol.45 No.8

<P>Somatic hybridization through protoplast fusion has proven to be a valuable technique in citrus for producing unique allotetraploid breeding parents that combine elite diploid selections. Many citrus somatic hybrids are now flowering and being used in interploid crosses to generate triploid hybrids that produce seedless fruit, a primary objective of citrus breeding programs. Most of the early somatic hybrids produced for mandarin improvement combined sweet oranges with mandarins, because the performance of sweet oranges in tissue/protoplast culture generally exceeds that of most mandarin selections. However, a high percentage of triploid progeny from interploid crosses using sweet orange + mandarin somatic hybrids as the tetraploid parent produce fruit that are difficult to peel. We report nine new allotetraploid somatic hybrids and five new autotetraploids from somatic fusion experiments involving easy-peel mandarin parents. These tetraploids can be used in interploid crosses to increase the percentage of seedless triploid progeny producing easy-to-peel fruit. Ploidy level of the new tetraploids was determined by flow cytometry and their genetic origin by expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat marker analysis.</P>

Variation in Formaldehyde Removal Efficiency among Indoor Plant Species

Kim, Kwang Jin,Jeong, Myeong Il,Lee, Dong Woo,Song, Jeong Seob,Kim, Hyoung Deug,Yoo, Eun Ha,Jeong, Sun Jin,Han, Seung Won,Kays, Stanley J.,Lim, Young-Wook,Kim, Ho-Hyun American Society for Horticultural Science 2010 HortScience Vol.45 No.10

<P>The efficiency of volatile formaldehyde removal was assessed in 86 species of plants representing five general classes (ferns, woody foliage plants, herbaceous foliage plants, Korean native plants, and herbs). Phytoremediation potential was assessed by exposing the plants to gaseous formaldehyde (2.0 μL·L<SUP>−1</SUP>) in airtight chambers (1.0 m<SUP>3</SUP>) constructed of inert materials and measuring the rate of removal. <I>Osmunda japonica</I>, <I>Selaginella tamariscina</I>, <I>Davallia mariesii</I>, <I>Polypodium formosanum</I>, <I>Psidium guajava</I>, <I>Lavandula</I> spp., <I>Pteris dispar</I>, <I>Pteris multifida</I>, and <I>Pelargonium</I> spp. were the most effective species tested, removing more than 1.87 μg·m<SUP>−3</SUP>·cm<SUP>−2</SUP> over 5 h. Ferns had the highest formaldehyde removal efficiency of the classes of plants tested with <I>O. japonica</I> the most effective of the 86 species (i.e., 6.64 μg·m<SUP>−3</SUP>·cm<SUP>−2</SUP> leaf area over 5 h). The most effective species in individual classes were: ferns-<I>Osmunda japonica</I>, <I>Selaginella tamariscina</I>, and <I>Davallia mariesii</I>; woody foliage plants-<I>Psidium guajava</I>, <I>Rhapis excels</I>, and <I>Zamia pumila</I>; herbaceous foliage plants-<I>Chlorophytum bichetii</I>, <I>Dieffenbachia</I> ‘Marianne’, <I>Tillandsia cyanea</I>, and <I>Anthurium andraeanum</I>; Korean native plants-<I>Nandina domestica</I>; and herbs-<I>Lavandula</I> spp., <I>Pelargonium</I> spp., and <I>Rosmarinus officinalis</I>. The species were separated into three general groups based on their formaldehyde removal efficiency: excellent (greater than 1.2 μg·m<SUP>−3</SUP> formaldehyde per cm<SUP>2</SUP> of leaf area over 5 h), intermediate (1.2 or less to 0.6), and poor (less than 0.6). Species classified as excellent are considered viable phytoremediation candidates for homes and offices where volatile formaldehyde is a concern.</P>

Stable Production of Transgenic Pepper Plants Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Ko, Moon Kyung,Soh, Hyunchul,Kim, Kyung-Moon,Kim, Young Soon,Im, Kyunghoan American Society for Horticultural Science 2007 HortScience Vol.42 No.6

<P>The aim of this study was to establish a stable transformation method for hot pepper using the hygromycin phosphotransferase (<I>hpt</I>)/hygromycin selection strategy. Explants from aseptic pepper seedlings were inoculated with <I>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</I> carrying pCAMBIA1301. A number of calli were developed on the medium containing hygromycin to discriminate the induction of “false-positive buds,” and then shoots were successfully regenerated from the hygromycin-resistant calli. Southern and Northern hybridization analysis indicated that the <I>hpt</I> gene was integrated and expressed in the transgenic pepper plants (T0) and transmitted to the progeny (T1) without genetic modification. Most T1 progenies derived from self-pollination revealed a 3:1 segregation ratio for hygromycin resistance, indicating that one copy of the T-DNA was integrated into the respective transgenic lines. Both <I>uid</I>A and <I>hpt</I> genes were stably expressed in the T1 generation and coinherited in the progenies. Finally, homozygous progenies were identified in the T1 generation of the transgenic peppers, and the homozygous state was maintained in all progenies tested (T2). The results show the reliability and stability of the <I>hpt</I>/hygromycin selection protocol for pepper transformation.</P>

Changes in the Phytoremediation Potential of Indoor Plants with Exposure to Toluene

Kim, Kwang Jin,Yoo, Eun Ha,Jeong, Myeong Il,Song, Jeong Seob,Lee, Seung Youn,Kays, Stanley J. American Society for Horticultural Science 2011 HortScience Vol.46 No.12

<P>Changes in phytoremediation efficiency after repeated exposures (three) to toluene (1.3 ppm) were assessed in 26 species and two additional cultivars of indoor plants. There was a rapid increase in toluene removal efficiency in 27 of the 28 crops with the greatest increase between the first and second exposure (i.e., after 3 days). The increase in efficiency between the first and third exposure ranged from 378 μg·m<SUP>−3</SUP>·h<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP> leaf area in <I>Pinus densiflora</I> to -16.6 in <I>Salvia elegans</I> with a mean of 156 for all crops. Percent change ranged from 614 (<I>Pittosporum tobira</I>) to -8 (<I>Salvia elegans</I>) but was not necessarily indicative of phytoremediation value of a species. Rapid changes in phytoremediation efficiency in response to exposure to toluene appear to be widespread in plants and may be the result of an effect on gene expression in the plant and/or certain soil microbes or changes in the population density of toluene-metabolizing microbes. Increasing toluene removal efficiency is advantageous and as a consequence, a better understanding of the mechanism(s) operative may improve use of the response for practical applications.</P>

Effect of Potassium Nitrate Priming on Seed Germination of Seashore Paspalum

Shim, Sang In,Moon, Jun-Cheol,Jang, Cheol Seong,Raymer, Paul,Kim, Wook American Society for Horticultural Science 2008 HortScience Vol.43 No.7

<P>Germination of seashore paspalum (<I>Paspalum vaginatum</I> Swartz) is a critical factor influencing seedling establishment when seeded directly in fields. In this research, pregermination priming with osmotic solution was used to improve the germination percentage of seashore paspalum. The goal of this study was to develop techniques that improve the germination of a seashore paspalum cultivar (SeaSpray). Seeds were subjected to priming in petri dishes with solutions of KNO3 at 25 °C for 24, 48, and 72 h in growth chambers. Germination percentage differed by priming duration as well as concentration of priming media. Based on the germination percentage 14 days after imbibition, the most promising priming condition was the treatment with 0.2% or 0.5% KNO3 for 72 h at a constant temperature of 30 °C and 0.2% or 0.5% KNO3 for 48 to 72 h at alternating temperature of 25/35 °C. Both concentrations showed reasonable germination percentage greater than 85% at alternating temperature condition. Priming with KNO3 solution for 48 to 72 h improved not only germination percentage, but also uniformity. The increased duration of priming with KNO3 was positively correlated with an improved germination percentage. The effect of increasing concentration was the most apparent at a constant temperature (30 °C) regime with the treatment of 0.2% KNO3 priming. Germination percentage was increased from 34.3% to 68.0% 2 weeks after imbibition (WAI) as the priming duration was increased from 24 to 72 h. Priming with KNO3 for 3 days also had a modest effect on germination percentage (greater than 74.7%) at 1 WAI. Therefore, priming with 0.2% or 0.5% solution of KNO3 for 72 h is a recommended method that can be practically applied for increasing germination of paspalum under an alternating temperature (25/35 °C) condition. The regression analysis between odds of germination percentage and germination time showed that priming treatment increased internal activities during the second stage of seed germination.</P>

Flavonoid Compounds Are Enriched in Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Leaves by a High Level of Sucrose and Confer Increased Antioxidant Activity

Hossain, Md. Aktar,Kim, Sooah,Kim, Kyoung Heon,Lee, Sung-Joon,Lee, Hojoung American Society for Horticultural Science 2009 HortScience Vol.44 No.7

<P>Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional medicine because plant secondary metabolites have been shown to benefit a broad spectrum of health conditions. Lemon balm, <I>Melissa officinalis</I> L., a member of the mint family, is native to Europe and is well known for its ability to reduce stress and anxiety, promote sleep, and ease pain and discomfort associated with digestion. In various plant species, strong anthocyanin induction is triggered by sucrose, but not by other sugars or osmotic stress; however, the mechanisms that induce anthocyanin accumulation in lemon balm leaves in response to sucrose and phytohormones remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms that lead to increased levels of flavonoids in lemon balm plants. We observed that sucrose significantly increases the level of flavonoids in lemon balm plants and that sucrose induction appears to be mediated by the phytohormones abscisic acid and ethylene. We also identified delphinidin as the anthocyanidin that is primarily enriched in leaves grown in high-sucrose medium. Finally, we observed that reactive oxygen species levels are positively correlated with sucrose-mediated anthocyanin accumulation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the level of flavonoids in lemon balm can be increased significantly and that plants such as lemon balm could potentially be used to prevent diseases that have been purported to be caused by free radical damage. Chemical abbreviations used: ABA, (+)-cis, transabscissic acid; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid; <I>CHI</I>, chalcone isomerase; <I>CHS</I>, chalcone synthase; DPPH, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; GA, gibberellic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid.</P>

Characterization of Late Blight Resistance Derived from Solanum pimpinellifolium L3708 against Multiple Isolates of the Pathogen Phytophthora infestans

Kim, Min-Jea,Mutschler, Martha A. American Society for Horticultural Science 2006 Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Vol.131 No.5

<P>Sixteen tomato [<I>Solanum lycopersicum</I> L. (syn. <I>Lycopersicon esculentum</I> Mill.)] genotypes (inbred lines or hybrids) were tested against five <I>Phytophthora infestans</I> (Mont.) deBary isolates to characterize race specificity of late blight resistance transferred to tomato from <I>Solanum pimpinellifolium</I> L. [syn. <I>Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium</I> (L.) Mill.] accession L3708. The effects of plant genotype, isolate, genotype × isolate, and isolate × replication interactions were highly significant (<I>P</I> = 0.001). Set of four sister lines fixed for late blight resistance (CU-R lines) exhibited full and equal resistance to the five pathogen isolates tested. In contrast, the heterozygous F1 hybrids, created by crossing the resistant CU-R lines with a susceptible parent, were resistant to US-11; partially resistant to US-17, NC-1, and DR4B; and susceptible to US-7. Differential responses were also observed across pathogen isolates on a set of resistant sister lines (CLN-R lines), which also were bred from L3708. The CLN-R lines were resistant to the DR4B, NC-1, and US-11 isolates, but showed significant disease-affected areas and sporangium numbers following inoculation with either US-7 or US-17. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis confirms that both CU-R and CLN-R are homozygous for the <I>Ph-3</I> gene derived from L3708. Since progeny tests also confirmed that the CLN-R lines are fixed for their level of resistance, these results suggest that late blight resistance in the CU-R lines is not controlled by <I>Ph-3</I> alone, and that at least one additional gene conferring late blight resistance is missing from the CLN-R lines. Results of genetic tests of the (CU-R × CLN-R) F1 and a (CU-R × CLN-R) F2 population with the pathogen isolate US-17 strongly support a model in which resistance of the CU-R lines requires genes in addition to <I>Ph-3</I>. The implications of this information in breeding for late blight resistance and using of the resulting resistant lines or hybrids are discussed.</P>