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황인경 ( In Kyung Hwang ) 한국기독교어문학회 2010 기독교와 어문학 Vol.7 No.1
To solve the problem of the divisions and fractions in the society, Shakespeare might think that it should be necessary to contain biblical allusion in his comedies. To harmonize and compromise one another, he might give his readers a deep impression, as "All scripture is God breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and trifling in righteousness." (2 Timothy 3:17) Those days when Shakespeare lived in Europe, it began to be confronted with the chaos including the religion, the battle lines leading the English Civil War. Pervading the works of Luther and Calvin, Renaissance Humanism was not just only for a human, and not for the egoistics those days, The ideology of it included that the human rights are gifted by God, The humans of their feelings and emotions would be very precious, so that they might want it to be recognized and appreciately earnestly by God, Those whore in favor of it would try to desire and appeal their free-will to God. Each personality should be high and noble, however, it was invaded by Roman Catholic bureaucracy, The Elizabeth Religious settlement was Elizabeth l`s response to the religious divisions created from the reign of Henry VIII to that of Mary I in Scotland, This response, described as "The Revolution of 1559, was set out in two Acts of the parliament of England. The Act of Supremacy of 1559 re-established the Church of England`s independence from Rome, with Parliament conferring on Elizabeth the title Supreme Governor of the church of England, while the Act of Uniformity of 1559 set out from the English church would now take, including the establishment of the Book of Common Prayer. When Mary died in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded to the throne. One of the most important concerns during Elizabeth`s early reign was the question of which form the state religion would take. Communion with the Roman Catholic Church had been restored under Mary using the instrument of Royal Supremacy, according to the English formal history. Shakespeare had the Elizabethan compromise; as our summarizing Elizabethan period, "consensus to come on these and other theological issues that consumed the 16th century equivalent of the "blogs" of Elizabethan day there would have been no church of England and no Anglican Communion to be arguing about these many centuries later. Thirteen and fifteen year olds are not` adopting a lifestyle, they`re trying to figure out who they are, who God created them to be and what on earth to do with this confusing bunch of sexual feelings that they`re trying to get a handle on." Although there were religious war against Scotland, England would adopt King James Version translated by James I as one bible. In Shakespeare`s, it was necessary to harmonize and reconcile the conflicts in England. He would persuade them to reunion the divided Kingdoms by his major comedies with his lampoon. His conversations in them might have an indirect expression to teach it to those who would cause the contradictions and divisions to deprive the King`s throne unfairly in As you like it, the hidden religious stmggles with lover`s marriage in A Midsummer Nighfc Dream and getting sue about the logical law, without love, made by the egoistic humans in The Merchant of Venice. He would like to show the characters created by him, respectively need role models for healthy relationships between absolute being and human beings to appeal to his readers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree with one another so that there may be no divisions among you and that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought, with secrete or euphemism to have a unification from their confliction those days.
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영작문 지도 시 협동작문 활동의 효과 및 기독교적 관점에서의 적절성에 대한 한국 대학생들의 인식
이지연 ( Jyi Yeon Yi ) 한국기독교어문학회 2010 기독교와 어문학 Vol.7 No.1
본 연구는 한국 대학생들의 영작문 지도에 있어서 협동영작문 활동을 하도록 한 후 영작문 학습에 미치는 협동작문 활동의 전반적인 효과 및 기독교적 영어 교육 관점에서의 적절성에 대한 이들의 인식을 알아보는 것을 그 목적으로 하였다. 그러기 위하여 2009년 9월부터 n월에 서울 소재 한 기독교 대학에서 영어 교육과에 개설된 한 전공과목 수강생인 33명의 영어교육과 전공 (또는 복수전공) 생 33명의 학생들을 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 먼저, 사전 영작문 시험을 통해 이들의 영작문 수준을 파악한 후 이들을 더 우수한 학생과 그보다 못한 학생으로 구성되는 2인 1조의 조들로 편성하고, 이 기간 동안 총 6회에 걸쳐 협동영작문 활동을 하도록 하였는데 이 때 영작문 주제는 이들이 수강하고 있던 과목과 관련된 주제들로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이들에게 협동작문의 효과 및 협동의 방식의 유형들에 대한 안내는 하였으나, 이들이 어떠한 측면에서 어떠한 방식으로 협동해야 하는 지는 이들 각각의 조가 정하도록 하였다. 협동영작문 활동을 모두 마친 후 이에 대한 인식을 알아보기 위하여 이들에게 설문조사를 하였고 설문 응답 결과는 sPssls. 0올 통해 빈도분석 하였다. 그 결과, 협동영작 문 활동은 이들의 영작문에 있어서 글의 내용 및 짜임새를 포함한 언어적 측면에 도움이 된다는 인식이 지배적이었고, 정의적인 측면에서도 쓰기불안감 해소, 쓰기자신감 향상, 공동체의식 함양 둥의 측면에서 효과적이라는 긍정적인 인식 올 보인 응답자가 매우 많았고, 그 결과 협동영작문 활동에 대한 전반적인 인식 역시 긍정적인 경우들이 많았다. 또한, 이러한 협동영작문 활동이 기독교적 관 점에서의 영어지도에 적절한 지에 대한 질문을 하였는데, 협동영작문 활동의 특성은 기독교에서 강조하는 특성들인 상호협동, 긍정적인 의존, 자기책임감/ 책 무성, 구성원들의 책임에 있어서의 균둥성, 공동체 의식 등의 측면이 협동작문 활동에서도 경험되는 것을 고려하여 대다수 응답자들이 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 이에 덧붙여, 협동영작문 활동 시조구성 방식이 활동의 효과에 미치는 영향을 고려하여 조 구성 및 평가 방법을 신중히 강구한 다면 협동작문 활동은 일반적인 차원에서의 영작문 지도뿐만 아니라 기독교적인 관점에서의 영작문 지도에도 매우 적절할 것으로 여겨진다.
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이지연 ( Jyi Yeon Yi ) 한국기독교어문학회 2011 기독교와 어문학 Vol.8 No.1
Nowadays English is used as a lingua franca all over the world and many attentions have been paid on the learning and teaching of English at different school levels. As a result various kinds of teaching methodologies have been presented up to date since the early 20th centuiy, which has lent itself to the shift in assessment. Assessment in 1950-60s put an emphasis upon reliability in testing and mainly employed traditional testing methods-one-shot, decontextualised, mutliple-choice type of testing- whilst assessment since 1990s may be characterised into the following fIve aspects: focus-on validity, test-takers, and authenticity and the introduction of performance assessment and alternative assessmentS From the Christian world view, the former (1950-60s) could be understood to be the aspects of corruption while the latter (since 1990s) to be those of redemption, i.e, the recovery into the nature of creation. That is, since current testing is to try to assess test-taker`s ability as with validity as possible and accordingly to increase positive washback effects of testing upon teaching and learning, it should be compatible with the nature of creation from the Christian world view: to assess learner`s English ability and understanding of foreign cultures, and then to help develop service mind for others, and use English for God and His nation. The marks of corruption with language testing are, unfortunately, still observed from the current testing methods. Efforts should be, therefore, made to make it recovered to the nature of creation with language testing as far as possible and it would be one of the responsibilities of Christian English teachers and researchers.
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